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BEIJING, Sept. 2 (Xinhuanet) -- Insomnia costs average U.S. worker 11.3 days, or 2,280 dollars, in lost productivity each year, according to a new study published in journal Sleep.The total cost to the nation is 63.2 billion dollars annually, the study said.Researchers analyzed information about sleep habits and work performance from 7,428 workers taking part in Harvard Medical School's American Insomnia Study survey in 2008-09.As a result, 23.2 percent of the participants suffered insomnia, characterized by a hard time falling or staying asleep.Moreover, insomnia rates were 19.9 percent for those with less than a high school education and 21.5 percent for college graduates."We were shocked by the enormous impact insomnia has on the average person's life," said Ronald C. Kessler, a lead author and a psychiatric epidemiologist at Harvard Medical School."It's an underappreciated problem. Americans are not missing work because of insomnia. They are still going to their jobs but accomplishing less because they're tired," Kessler noted.Employers usually ignore the consequences of insomnia because it's not considered an illness resulting in workers' absenteeism.But the high cost of lost sleep identified in this study indicates that employers need to take it more seriously.
BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

JIUQUAN, Gansu, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- China's experimental orbiter SJ-11-04, which was launched by a Long March II-C rocket Thursday, failed to enter the designated orbit due to a malfunction of the rocket.The rocket experienced malfunction during the flight following its launch from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 5:28 p.m. Beijing Time in northwest Gansu Province.The specific cause of the failure is being analyzed.
YUEYANG, Hunan, June 2 (Xinhua) -- The population of finless porpoises, an endangered species of freshwater dolphin that lives in China's Yangtze River, may decrease by over 80 percent over the next 30 years, experts said on Thursday after conducting a field survey along the river.The rare species will edge closer to extinction if no action is taken, said Wang Ding, a dolphin expert from the Hydrobiology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Wang's team conducted a survey on Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and other locations along the Yangtze from Sunday to Wednesday this week.The dolphin population currently stands at 1,000, even lower than that of the giant panda, Wang said.The dolphin population is decreasing by a rate of 6.4 percent annually, Wang said."The next ten years will be a critical period for the conservation of this species," Wang said.A long-lasting drought in central China has lowered water levels in many of the region's lakes and rivers, doing great harm to the dolphins' habitat and leading to a decrease in population, Wang said.Mei Zhigang, a member of Wang's survey team, said that human activity has also contributed to the dropping population.Mei said that large numbers of shipping vessels on the Yangtze have impeded the dolphins' migration path, causing them to reproduce less frequently.
LOS ANGELES, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Eating earth may protect the stomach against toxins, parasites and pathogens, a new study suggests.To examine the possible benefits from eating earth, researchers at Cornell University analyzed reports from missionaries, plantation doctors, explorers, and anthropologists to put together a database of more than 480 cultural accounts of geophagy -- the eating of earth.The database includes as many details as possible about the circumstances under which earth was consumed, and by whom. The researchers could then use patterns in the data to evaluate each potential explanation.Studies in the database indicate that geophagy is common even when food is plentiful. Moreover, when people eat dirt they tend to eat only small quantities that are unlikely to fill an empty stomach.The database shows that geophagy is documented most commonly in women in the early stages of pregnancy and in pre-adolescent children. Both categories of people are especially sensitive to parasites and pathogens, according to the researchers.In addition, geophagy is most common in tropical climates where foodborne microbes are abundant. Finally, the database shows that people often eat earth during episodes of gastrointestinal stress.It's unlikely the intestinal problems are caused by the dirt itself because the type of clay people usually eat comes from deep in the ground, where pathogens and parasites are unlikely to contaminate it. Plus, people usually boil the clay before eating it.More study would be helpful to confirm the protection hypothesis, the researchers say, but the available data at this point clearly support it over the other explanations for eating earth."We hope this paper stimulates (more) research," said Sera Young, a researcher at Cornell University and the study's lead author. "More importantly, we hope readers agree that it is time to stop regarding geophagy as a bizarre, non-adaptive gustatory mistake.""With these data, it is clear that geophagy is a widespread behavior in humans ...that occurs during both vulnerable life stages and when facing ecological conditions that require protection."The study is appearing in the June issue of The Quarterly Review of Biology.
来源:资阳报