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WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Women who have higher levels of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin have fewer symptoms of depression, and this apparent inverse relationship is not related to body mass index (BMI), a new study finds. The results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Society's 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston, the United States."Animal data suggest that leptin may reduce anxiety and improve depression. Our study in women suggests that leptin may indeed have antidepressant qualities," said the study's lead author, Elizabeth Lawson, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.Leptin, the product of fat cells, signals satiety, or fullness. It is low in thin women and high in obese women, according to Lawson. She also said there is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in certain conditions in which leptin levels are typically low. These include the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, in which there is abnormally low weight and body fat, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, in which women have stopped menstruating despite having normal weight."It is unknown whether low leptin levels contribute to the development of mood disorders in these women," Lawson said.She and her co-workers studied the relationship between leptin levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 64 women. Fifteen of the women had anorexia nervosa, 12 were normal weight with hypothalamic amenorrhea, 20 were normal weight and in good health, and 17 were overweight or obese but still healthy.All subjects were asked questions to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, with high scores indicating more symptoms. Besides measuring leptin levels in the blood, the researchers assessed the women's BMI, a measure of weight for height.The relationship between leptin and depression symptoms was independent of BMI. This finding indicates that leptin may mediate symptoms of depression and that this effect is not a function of low weight, Lawson said."Further research administering leptin to humans will be important in understanding whether this hormone has a potential role in the treatment of depression," she said.

CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Australia on Friday launched the first national study to find out whether low to moderate levels of alcohol drank by pregnant women are harmful or not to an unborn child, hoping to provide a clear indication about the safe amount of alcohol for pregnant women.The Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, which commissioned the study, is recruiting 2000 pregnant women who will be quizzed throughout their pregnancy about their drinking habits, general health and diets.Their babies will then undergo medical checks, when they turn one and again at two to see if their brains, development and behavior was affected by alcohol consumed by their mums.According to lead researcher associate professor, Jane Halliday, while there was solid evidence about the dangers of heavy drinking for an unborn baby, it was not known if there was a safe amount of alcohol pregnant women could drink.She said the study hoped to shed light on the best approach to alcohol use during pregnancy."The problem is that for about half of women that get pregnant it is unplanned, and a lot of women are drinking around the time they get pregnant and may drink for the first month or so and that creates a lot of anxiety," Assoc Prof Halliday said in a statement."From the few international and Australian studies there's conflicting evidence as to whether there's an adverse effect."We firmly believe that no drinking is the safest option, but our main aim is to provide an evidence base to the policy and answer questions about individual risks."The study came after research by the University of Newcastle published in 2010 revealed 80 percent of Australian women drank during pregnancy.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 26 (Xinhua) -- Older people with low blood levels of vitamin B12 markers may be more likely to have lower brain volumes and have problems with their thinking skills, according to researchers at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago.The results of the study will be published Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Foods that come from animals, including fish, meat, especially liver, milk, eggs and poultry are usual sources of vitamin B12.The study involved 121 older residents of the south side of Chicago over the age of 65. They had blood drawn to measure levels of vitamin B12 and B12-related markers that can indicate a B12 deficiency. The same subjects took tests measuring their memory and other cognitive skills.An average of four-and-a-half years later, MRI scans of the participants' brains were taken to measure total brain volume and look for other signs of brain damage.Having high levels of four of five markers for vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with having lower scores on the cognitive tests and smaller total brain volume."Our findings definitely deserve further examination," said Christine Tangney, associate professor at Rush University Medical Center and lead author of the study. "It's too early to say whether increasing vitamin B12 levels in older people through diet or supplements could prevent these problems, but it is an interesting question to explore. Findings from a British trial with B vitamin supplementation are also supportive of these outcomes."On the cognitive tests, the scores ranged from -2.18 to 1.42, with an average of 0.23. For each increase of one micromole per liter of homocysteine -- one of the markers of B12 deficiency -- the cognitive scores decreased by 0.03 standardized units or points.Tangney noted that the level of vitamin B12 itself in the blood was not associated with cognitive problems or loss in brain volume. "Our findings lend support for the contention that poor vitamin B12 status is a potential risk factor for brain atrophy and may contribute to cognitive impairment," said Tangney.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- At least 13 people had been killed amid 72 sickened in 18 states in listeria outbreak traced to Colorado cantaloupes, making it the most deadly U.S. outbreak of food-borne infection since 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said Tuesday in a statement posted on its website.Of the 13 deaths, four were in New Mexico, two were in Colorado, two were in Texas, and there was one each in Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma.Victims range in age from 35 to 96 years, with an average age of 78. All of the illnesses started on or after July 31.The figures were the latest confirmed as of Monday morning, according to the CDC. But they may well rise in the still-widening outbreak as state and local officials are investigating three additional deaths that may be connected.In 1998, 21 people died from listeria linked to tainted hot dogs, according to a CDC online database.The Food and Drug Administration on Sept. 14 warned consumers not to eat cantaloupes from Colorado's Rocky Ford region shipped by Jensen Farms. The cantaloupes with the brand name Rocky Ford were distributed from July 29 to Sept. 10 in at least 17 states.Listeria is a common bacterium that typically causes mild illness in healthy people, but can cause severe illness in older people and those with compromised immune systems. It also can cause miscarriages and stillbirths in pregnant women and severe infections in new babies.Listeria infections lead to about 1,600 serious illnesses each year and about 260 people die, according to the CDC.The CDC estimates that about 48 million people in the U.S. each year get sick from tainted food, with about 128,000 hospitalized and 3,000 deaths.

TOKYO, June 19 (Xinhua) -- The Japanese gaming company Sega Corp. said in a statement on Sunday some personal information from more than 1.2 million registered users had been stolen after the website of its subsidiary based in Britain was hacked.The Sega Pass website operated by Sega Europe limited was designed to provide product news. The services were shutdown following the breach detected on Friday. They are still not resumed on the official website of the company late Sunday night and the company said it is investigating the hacking.The company said most of the users of the hacked website are in Europe and North America. A similar cyberattack had troubled the Sony group earlier in April. The hacking affected about 100 million people.