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WASHINGTON, D.C. – Jim Lehrer, a longtime PBS NewsHour anchor and co-founder, has passed away at the age of 85. NewsHour anchor and managing editor Judy Woodruff 174

Two centuries after its invention, the stethoscope — the very symbol of the medical profession — is facing an uncertain prognosis.It is threatened by hand-held devices that are also pressed against the chest but rely on ultrasound technology, artificial intelligence and smartphone apps instead of doctors’ ears to help detect leaks, murmurs, abnormal rhythms and other problems in the heart, lungs and elsewhere. Some of these instruments can yield images of the beating heart or create electrocardiogram graphs.Dr. Eric Topol, a world-renowned cardiologist, considers the stethoscope obsolete, nothing more than a pair of “rubber tubes.”It “was OK for 200 years,” Topol said. But “we need to go beyond that. We can do better.”In a longstanding tradition, nearly every U.S. medical school presents incoming students with a white coat and stethoscope to launch their careers. It’s more than symbolic — stethoscope skills are still taught, and proficiency is required for doctors to get their licenses.Over the last decade, though, the tech industry has downsized ultrasound scanners into devices resembling TV remotes. It has also created digital stethoscopes that can be paired with smartphones to create moving pictures and readouts.Proponents say these devices are nearly as easy to use as stethoscopes and allow doctors to watch the body in motion and actually see things such as leaky valves. “There’s no reason you would listen to sounds when you can see everything,” Topol said.At many medical schools, it’s the newer devices that really get students’ hearts pumping.“Wow!” ″Whoa!” ″This is awesome,” Indiana University medical students exclaimed in a recent class as they learned how to use a hand-held ultrasound device on a classmate, watching images of his lub-dubbing heart on a tablet screen.The Butterfly iQ device, made by based by Guilford, Connecticut-based Butterfly Network Inc., went on the market last year. An update will include artificial intelligence to help users position the probe and interpret the images.Students at the Indianapolis-based medical school, one of the nation’s largest, learn stethoscope skills but also get training in hand-held ultrasound in a program launched there last year by Dr. Paul Wallach, an executive associate dean. He created a similar program five years ago at the Medical College of Georgia and predicts that within the next decade, hand-held ultrasound devices will become part of the routine physical exam, just like the reflex hammer.The devices advance “our ability to take peek under the skin into the body,” he said. But Wallach added that, unlike some of his colleagues, he isn’t ready to declare the stethoscope dead. He envisions the next generation of physicians wearing “a stethoscope around the neck and an ultrasound in the pocket.”Modern-day stethoscopes bear little resemblance to the first stethoscope, invented in the early 1800s by Frenchman Rene Laennec, but they work essentially the same way.Laennec’s creation was a hollow tube of wood, almost a foot long, that made it easier to hear heart and lung sounds than pressing an ear against the chest. Rubber tubes, earpieces and the often cold metal attachment that is placed against the chest came later, helping to amplify the sounds.When the stethoscope is pressed against the body, sound waves make the diaphragm — the flat metal disc part of the device — and the bell-shaped underside vibrate. That channels the sound waves up through the tubes to the ears. Conventional stethoscopes typically cost under 0, compared with at least a few thousand dollars for some of the high-tech devices.But picking up and interpreting body sounds is subjective and requires a sensitive ear — and a trained one.With medical advances and competing devices over the past few decades, “the old stethoscope is kind of falling on hard times in terms of rigorous training,” said Dr. James Thomas, a cardiologist at Northwestern Medicine in Chicago. “Some recent studies have shown that graduates in internal medicine and emergency medicine may miss as many of half of murmurs using a stethoscope.”Northwestern is involved in testing new technology created by Eko, a Berkeley, California-based maker of smart stethoscopes. To improve detection of heart murmurs, Eko is developing artificial intelligence algorithms for its devices, using recordings of thousands of heartbeats. The devices produce a screen message telling the doctor whether the heart sounds are normal or if murmurs are present.Dennis Callinan, a retired Chicago city employee with heart disease, is among the study participants. At age 70, he has had plenty of stethoscope exams but said he feels no nostalgia for the devices.“If they can get a better reading using the new technology, great,” Callinan said.Chicago pediatrician Dr. Dave Drelicharz has been in practice for just over a decade and knows the allure of newer devices. But until the price comes down, the old stalwart “is still your best tool,” Drelicharz said. Once you learn to use the stethoscope, he said, it “becomes second nature.”“During my work hours in my office, if I don’t have it around my shoulders,” he said, “it’s as though I was feeling almost naked.” 5223

When a 12-year-old Michigan girl was asked by a man to get in his car, she responded by asking him what the password was, to which he couldn't provide and answer. The Macomb County Sheriff's Office says the stranger danger incident happened Wednesday morning.The girl was walking to her school bus stop when she was approached by a newer model, black Chevy, four-door sedan. The windows of the vehicle were heavily tinted. Authorities say a male suspect in the vehicle asked the girl to "get in the car." She responded by asking what the password is. The suspect said he didn't know, so the 12-year-old ran away from the vehicle. The girl and her mother have set a password if the mother were to ever have someone pick the girl up at any location. After the girl ran away, the suspect eventually drove from the area. The girl then continued to the bus and told a school resource officer about the incident when she arrived at school.The girl was uninjured, and another student witnessed the incident and corroborated what the girl told police. The driver of the Chevy is described as a white male in his early 20s with dark hair. If you have information on this suspect, please contact the Macomb County Sheriff's Office at (586) 469-7198. 1251

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — One year after killing 51 worshipers at two Christchurch mosques, an Australian white supremacist accused of the slaughter has changed his plea to guilty. Twenty-nine-year-old Brenton Harrison Tarrant on Thursday pleaded guilty to 51 counts of murder, 40 counts of attempted murder and one count of terrorism. The killing spree was the deadliest in New Zealand's modern history and prompted the government to rush through new laws banning most semi-automatic weapons. Tarrant was scheduled to go to trial on the charges in June. His change in plea came as a surprise and relief to survivors and relatives. 648

Tyler and Elisha Hessel were elated to find out they were expecting their first child. But then Elisha Hessel's early pregnancy blood tests showed something unusual. She and her baby girl tested positive for amphetamines.“When they called me, I didn't know what that meant," Hessel 295