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BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhuanet) -- Almost one in four Chinese students aged between 12 and 14 have tried smoking, according to the results of a survey released by the Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (CATC).The survey, carried out among 38,839 students and 6,503 teachers from middle and high schools in 11 provinces across the country between May and June, showed that 22.5 percent of students aged between 12 and 14 had tried smoking and that 15.8 percent of middle and high school students smoke regularly."There are definitely quite a number of boy students in my class who smoke regularly as some have been found smoking outside campus during lunch break," said Li Xiaolan, an English teacher from a high school in Shanghai. The survey also found that 39 percent of students took their first cigarette from their classmates."It was quite common to smoke with my classmates at school and we usually smoked in toilets or in corners of the playground after lunch," said Zhou Guangrong, a 22-year-old university student from Guiyang, Guizhou province, who started smoking when he was 12.The majority of student smokers buy cigarettes themselves and about 76 percent of the adolescent smokers said that there is at least one cigarette shop within 200 meters from their school."When I was a student at middle and high schools, they were surrounded by cigarette shops," said Zhou who used to smoke two cigarettes per day in primary school and two packs per week in middle and high school."We're keen to show that more adolescents are starting smoking much younger than before, and that we need to minimize the number of young smokers," said Duan Jiali, secretary-general of the youth tobacco control commission under CATC. Duan added that teachers and parents should set a good example for teenagers by not smoking in front of them at school or at home, which is the most influential way of stopping adolescents from smoking.China banned smoking in 16 types of public indoor venues - including hospitals, schools, bars, restaurants and hotels - on May 1 in an attempt to curb tobacco use in the country with the world's largest number of smokers.Currently, there are more than 300 million smokers in China, and about 1.2 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, accounting for one-fifth of the world's total, according to statistics from the World Health Organization."Meanwhile, about 540 million people are exposed to secondhand smoke, 48.9 percent of which are adolescents (from 15 to 19 years old)," said Xu Guihua, deputy director of the CATC."It's essential and urgent for us to control the number of adult smokers who potentially tempt adolescents to smoke."

WASHINGTON, June 21 (Xinhua) -- A new study from Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and University of California, San Francisco, researchers suggests that men with prostate cancer who smoke increase their risk of prostate cancer recurrence and of dying from the disease. The study will be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association."In our study, we found similar results for both prostate cancer recurrence and prostate cancer mortality," said Stacey Kenfield, lead author and a research associate in the HSPH Department of Epidemiology. "These data taken together provide further support that smoking may increase risk of prostate cancer progression."Kenfield and her colleagues conducted a prospective observational study of 5,366 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1986 and 2006 in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. The researchers documented 1,630 deaths, 524 (32 percent) due to prostate cancer, 416 (26 percent) due to cardiovascular disease, and 878 prostate cancer recurrences.The researchers found that men with prostate cancer who were current smokers had a 61 percent increased risk of dying from prostate cancer, and a 61 percent higher risk of recurrence compared with men who never smoked. Smoking was associated with a more aggressive disease at diagnosis, defined as a higher clinical stage or Gleason grade (a measure of prostate cancer severity). However, among men with non-metastatic disease at diagnosis, current smokers had an 80 percent increased risk of dying from prostate cancer.Compared with current smokers, men with prostate cancer who had quit smoking for 10 or more years, or who had quit for less than 10 years but smoked less than 20 pack-years before diagnosis, had prostate cancer mortality risk similar to men who had never smoked. Men who had quit smoking for less than 10 years and had smoked 20 or more pack-years had risks similar to current smokers."These data are exciting because there are few known ways for a man to reduce his risk of dying from prostate cancer," said senior author Edward Giovannucci, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at HSPH. "For smokers, quitting can impact their risk of dying from prostate cancer. This is another reason to not smoke."Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer diagnosed in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death among U.S. men, affecting one in six men during their lifetime. More than two million men in the U.S. and 16 million men worldwide are prostate cancer survivors.

NAIROBI, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Thursday decried increased number of confirmed cholera cases in the Somalian capital Mogadishu, and growing reports of acute watery diarrhea in Kismayo and other crowded urban centers, saying an urgent multi-sector response to contain the spread of this highly contagious disease is being mounted.The UN health agency said has confirmed cholera in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions and the number of acute watery diarrhea cases has increased dramatically in the last few months.WHO Representative for Somalia Marthe Everard said combination of poor sanitation conditions, a shortage of safe water, overcrowding and high malnutrition rates, creates the perfect combination for infectious diseases, such as cholera and pneumonia, to spread and increase the number of deaths. "For the last few years, a network of health workers reporting to the early warning system is in place, however they report through a health facility or mobile clinic. Yet the large numbers of displaced people in Mogadishu are making it more difficult to record the various diseases," Everard said in a statement issued in Nairobi. "We urgently need more mobile clinics that will provide basic health care services to the many displaced and who will strengthen the reporting on new outbreaks. This is critical to our response and our ability to save lives."According to WHO, about seventy-five percent of all cases of acute watery diarrhea are children under the age of five.Since January this year, 4,272 cases of acute watery diarrhea/ cholera have been reported in Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu alone. However, at this stage most of the cholera cases in the various regions are contained and under control. "Our major concern is to monitor and detect new disease outbreaks in the many informal settlements set up by internally displaced people in and around Mogadishu", says Everard.Although cholera is endemic in the country, the last major cholera outbreak was in 2007 with an estimated 67,000 cases.WHO said recent efforts to cholrinate the water supply of Mogadishu, along with efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation have prevented a serious outbreak but with the large influx of some 100,000 people alone this year into Mogadishu, bringing the total number of IDPs in the capital to an estimated 470,000, many are living in overcrowded settlements, there is an acute shortage of safe water and adequate sanitation. "There is no need for a child to die of diarrhea, yet this is tragic reality for a Somali child, who is acutely malnourished. It is a lethal combination." said Rozanne Chorlton, UNICEF Representative for Somalia. "These types of diseases can be prevented and treated quickly, but to save children's lives we need to make sure safe water, sanitation and hygiene along with early access to primary health care, are an integral part of our emergency response."WHO said partners in the health and water and sanitation sectors are currently preparing for a potential 100,000 cholera cases including 80,000 moderate cases and 20,000 severe cases.Emergency diarrheal disease kits made up of medical supplies such as syringes, infusions, and oral rehydration fluids (ORS), already prepositioned by UNICEF and WHO have been sent to 13 hospitals.An additional 200 diarrheal disease kits, each able to treat 100 severe cases and 400 moderate cases are being procured and should be in Southern Somalia in the next few weeks, it said.In addition, WHO said, the case management of severe dehydration with and without malnutrition is being strengthened and focus is now on mobilizing a network of already trained community health promoters to move from door to door with health hygiene education messages. "Health posts will be stocked with essential medicines and ORS to identify and promptly treat patients. Many of Southern Somalia' s rural areas and urban centers rely on shallow wells, which unless protected or treated with chlorine can serve as the perfect breeding ground for water borne diseases," it said.To respond to this threat and prevent a major outbreak, the UN health agency said partners in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector are scaling up their actions to target 1.5 million people across high risk areas of the south.Supplies of chlorine and essential items for hygiene and household treatment and storage of water are being distributed.Already 217 water sources are being chlorinated and 58 water point outlets benefitting 483,200 residents and internally displaced people in Mogadishu.In addition, household hygiene supplies, including water purification tablets, soap and buckets, enough for 48,000 families, are being distributed at existing feeding centers for malnourished children.Campaigns to educate families about the treatment of drinking water, safe disposal of waste and encourage hand washing with soap will also be scaled up in high risk communities.As part of the updated 2011 UN Consolidated Appeal for Somalia, an estimated 80 million U.S. dollars is needed for the health sector and 78 million dollars is required for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector.So far, each sector has respectively raised 30 percent and 37 percent of the required money.

BRUSSELS, May 31 (Xinhua) -- A deadly outbreak of E.coli linked to contaminated cucumbers is sending Europe on high alert, as death toll from the disease climbed to 16 till Tuesday.So far, 15 people have reportedly died and more than 300 were seriously ill from infections linked to tainted vegetables in Germany. Experts said the numbers are expected to increase in the coming week."We hope the number of cases will go down but we fear it will worsen," said Oliver Grieve, spokesperson with the University Medical Center Schleswig where most German victims are being treated.The German government has identified the pathogen as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious complication of a type of E. coli known as Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC). The bacteria could damage blood cells and kidneys, and hence cause deaths.A woman in her 50s was confirmed to be the first fatal victim out of Germany by a local hospital on Tuesday. Officials at the hospital in Boras, southwestern Sweden, said the woman, who had recently traveled to Germany, was admitted on May 29.Swedish health authorities already said on Sunday that 36 people, all linked to travel in northern Germany, had been confirmed to have infected with E.coli, whereas cases were also reported in France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Britain.It was the second food scare for European consumers this year. In January, highly toxic dioxin was found in eggs, poultry and pork products across Germany.

DAMASCUS, Sept. 21 (Xinhua) -- The national archeological expedition recently discovered a gigantic building built with large-size hewn stones that date back to the Roman era, Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) said Wednesday.The building, the thickness of its walls up to 1.5 meters, was found at Qumet Nibal site in the northeastern province of Raqqa, said SANA.Ibrahim Kheir Bek, head of the archeological department in the area, told SANA that the excavation unearthed a 6-meter-long entrance to the building, adding that works are still underway in the site.A day earlier, the national archeological expedition discovered a mosaic dating back to the 6th century A.D. in northeast Syria, SANA said, adding that the rectangular mosaic was found at Hwaija Halawa site on the banks of al-Assad Lake in Raqqa province.Ayham al-Fakhri, head of the national expedition, was quoted by SANA as saying that the expedition uncovered 58 square meters of the mosaic with various colorful geometric shapes.