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A new study out of a pediatric medical center in Chicago suggests that young children do not only spread COVID-19 more efficiently than adults, but they could be major drivers in the pandemic as schools start to reopen.The report was published at the end of July and examined concentrations of COVID-19 in the nasopharynx, or the upper region of the throat that connects nasal passages. According to the results, children ages 5 and younger who develop mild to moderate symptoms have 10 to 100 times as much COVID-19 in their nasopharynx as adults.“This is a very complex issue involving not just the virus, but everything else,” said Dr. Kwang Sik Kim, director of pediatric infectious disease at Johns Hopkins University Hospital. "We don’t have any real data to indicate to schools what they should do, what is the best recipe they need to follow.”The study raised concerns about the erratic behavior of children and how it could play a factor in the virus’ spread, reading, "Behavioral habits of young children and close quarters in school and daycare settings raise concern for SARS-CoV-2 amplification in this population as public health restrictions are eased. In addition to public health implications, this population will be important for targeting immunization efforts as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines become available.”“Don’t, under any circumstance, even think about opening that school for in-class instruction until you’ve got the virus under control,” said Lily Eskelsen Garcia, president of the National Education Association.Eskelsen Garcia teaches 39 6th-graders in Salt Lake City and says unless the infection rate of a community is below 5 percent, as outlined by the CDC and WHO, school districts should not even consider opening for in-person instruction.Currently, the infection rate in the United States is 7.8 percent."If you open a school before you get the infection rate under control, you will turn that school into the community’s super-spreader,” said Eskelsen Garcia.“Make a decision for today based on the information available today, and then act differently when you have data tomorrow. I think that’s the right approach,” said Dr. Kim. 2170
A suspended Buffalo Police officer accused of assaulting a suspect in the Buffalo city lockup has been found not guilty on all charges.32-year-old Joseph Hassett was charged with two counts of third-degree assault, official misconduct, offering a false instrument for filing and making a punishable false written statement in connection to an incident that happened in March 2017.Judge Russell Buscaglia heard a bench trial in State Supreme Court and announced the not guilty verdict Thursday morning.According to investigators, Hassett was recorded on camera allegedly assaulting a drug suspect on March 18, 2017. The suspect was taken to ECMC for a head injury and a cut on his forehead that required stitches. The Erie County District Attorney's Office and the Buffalo Police Department both said they didn't learn about the incident until video of the confrontation was requested by the victim's attorney during the course of his criminal case stemming from the March arrest. 1032

A steady gust of an early winter’s wind was whipping through the last few pieces of corn still left standing on Paul Hamilton’s Northern Kentucky farm, their golden kernels exposed to the elements, naked wilted stalks all but dead. The corn here will soon be gone from this rolling farmland and so too will Paul Hamilton’s prized herd of dairy cows. Paul’s family has been on this 80 acres for three generations. His grandfather first purchased the land in the 1950’s before handing it over to Paul’s father, who ultimately sold it to Paul when he was in his 20’s.A legacy of family farming though will end with Paul Hamilton by the end of the year. He refuses to subject his 16-year-old son John to the uncertain life of farming. “If I had to do it all over again, 29 years ago when my dad offered me the land, I would have turned it down,” Paul admits as he struggles to cut a piece of plastic rope holding together a 100 pound barrel of hay. Paul has taken one vacation day in the last four years. There are no sick days for dairy farmers, no holidays and no weekends. Every day his 35 Holstein cows must be milked at 5 a.m. and then again at 5 p.m. to keep them producing. This 56-year-old hasn’t shaven in days; the bags under his eyes are so heavy they seem to stretch halfway down his face. His boots are caked with a thick layer of mud and manure that refuses to come off no matter how much he washes them. And yet he loves it here, if for no other reason than the fact that he knows no other way of living. “When you’ve done it your entire life, it gets to be where it’s a part of you,” he says leaning against the tire of a 1971 John Deere tractor that he repairs almost daily. Paul admits though that the end is near,“We’re hemorrhaging money. We’ve run through a pretty rough time right now and next year doesn’t look better either.” Last month, the Hamilton family farm lost ,500. The price of milk is playing a large role in the struggle dairy farmers are facing. While most consumers pay an average for a gallon of milk at the grocery store, most farmers only get about from that sale. Nearly 60 dairy farms have shut down across Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee since the start of the year. Paul’s wife Paula Hamilton has run out of hope. “Always before it was maybe next year we’ll have a better crop, maybe next year prices will go up. And now we’re looking at it and we’re no longer saying next year and that’s really sad,” she said. Sitting in the front yard of the family’s century-old white farmhouse, beneath a bright orange maple tree, a small tear falls down her face.“We no longer have hope it’s going to keep going.” And that is a reality facing hundreds of farmers across the United States right now. A prospect so grim, that some are choosing to take their own lives instead of letting go of farms that have been in their families for decades. “You know I worry about him a lot. He’s working so hard and getting so tired and I wonder if he’s gotten to a point that he can’t come back from emotionally,” Paula says holding her husband’s hand. Farmers are notoriously reserved with their feelings and thoughts. The solitary occupation often leaves some feeling as though they have nowhere to turn as they are facing financial and emotional ruin.According to the University of Kentucky’s Vital Statistics Office, 15 farmers died by suicide in 2015. The number was even higher the year before as 21 farmers took their own lives. Since 2005, 142 farmers died by suicide in the Bluegrass State leaving behind countless broken families and prompting some public health officials to label this a “crisis.” That includes Debbie Reed who has worked as a nurse and professor at the University of Kentucky for nearly three decades. “When someone dies in the farming community people always bring over casseroles, but when someone commits suicide, it’s known as the ‘no casserole death’ because no one wants to bring a casserole over when a person has taken their own life,” Dr. Reed said. Dr. Reed believes suicide in farming communities are vastly underreported mainly because of the stigma associated with suicide, “These people are living in communities where they don’t interact with each other daily, so it’s hard for people to reach out for help.” The prospect of having to give up on his farm by the end of the year has left Paul Hamilton dealing with a severe case of depression. He’s never thought about taking his own life, but his wife Paula says the likelihood of facing financial ruin often leaves her feeling hopeless, “Sometimes I just feel overwhelmed. Sometimes you’re by yourself and at night you’re thinking, ‘God, how could I do it where he gets the insurance,’ but then you think, ‘I don’t need to be thinking this way.” Paula’s hope is that farmers start opening up about their feelings, especially when so many are facing such uncertain futures. Her eyes turn to a grazing herd of cattle nearby, “No one is telling the farmers about it, no one is saying, ‘Hey there’s other people that feel like you feel and it’s okay to feel like that.”’ But even with everything they are facing, both Paula and Paul aren’t ready to give up until they’ve exhausted every option. Their family’s legacy is all they have left.“You’re connected to the land, but the land is killing you.” If you or someone you know is struggling and in need of help there are number of resources available:National Suicide Prevention Hotline: 1-800-273-8255https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ 5626
A survey of parents across the United States estimates that one in 40 children has autism spectrum disorder, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.In other words, the condition was reported in 2.5% of children, representing an estimated 1.5 million kids ages 3 to 17.A report released this year by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the prevalence at one in 59 children or about 1.7%, based on 2014 data."Prevalence is not growing that rapidly, although the CDC's data suggests it is still growing," Thomas Frazier, chief science officer of the advocacy organization Autism Speaks, said in an emailed statement. He was not involved in the new report."What is happening is that these studies use methods that are a bit more liberal and inclusive than the CDC's methods," Frazier said, adding that he prefers the CDC's numbers but understands "that they are likely a bit conservative."The new study is based on the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which was conducted by the US Census Bureau and which collected information from parents of more than 50,000 children up to age 17. To be included in the estimate, parents would have had to report that their child had ever received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and that they currently had the condition.The new numbers were also slightly lower than those in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey. It estimated that 2.76% of children had ever received such a diagnosis, which the authors of the new report note is a broader definition.The fact that the new study relies on parental reporting -- which is not validated by health and education records, as in the CDC report -- may be a limitation despite the broad scope of the research, the authors say.Frazier said the 1-in-40 figure is "generally consistent with previous parent surveys and other direct prevalence studies where researchers directly screen for and attempt to identify autism."The parents in the new study also reported more difficulties getting the health care their children need, versus those with Down syndrome, or other behavioral disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder."Though we've seen progress in recent years, this confirms what we know from our parents -- that many children face unacceptable delays in getting a diagnostic evaluation, even after parents, teachers or other caregivers have recognized the signs of autism," Frazier said.In the new study, more than a quarter of children with autism spectrum disorder were taking medication for symptoms related to the condition, and nearly two-thirds have received "behavioral treatments" in the past year, the study says.It also found a higher prevalence for autism spectrum disorder among certain groups such as boys, children of single mothers and households below the federal poverty level, compared with those at least four times above that income threshold.The differences between the new study's numbers and those of the CDC study might be explained by the years they were conducted, the ages of children studied and where they lived, according to the new study.The CDC report was based on data collected from 11 communities across the country but was not necessarily nationally representative, according to that report's co-author Daisy Christensen, surveillance team lead in the developmental disabilities branch of the CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities."Parents know their child best," Christensen, who was not involved in the new report, previously told CNN. "We want to encourage parents to be aware of their child's development, to be aware of the milestones that children achieve."Autism spectrum disorder, a lifelong developmental disability, is characterized by problems with communication and social interaction with accompanying repetitive behavior patterns.The authors note that it's difficult to compare the new report with prior iterations due to updates in how the survey collected its data and how questions were worded."We cannot tell what proportion was explained by internal survey changes rather than external factors," the authors wrote.Still, the report comes as estimated prevalences of the disorder have been rising for decades."Over the '80s and '90s, the diagnostic criteria expanded to include more children," Christensen said, "so I think that's definitely a possibility for the increase that we've seen."In the past, more than half of children identified with autism also had intellectual disability, and now it's about a third, she said. "And that's really consistent with identifying children who are perhaps at the milder end of the spectrum."The new study's authors also note that universal screening recommendations in the 2000s may have led to a rise in prevalence among younger children, for example."Because there is no biological marker, [autism spectrum disorder] is a particularly challenging condition to track," the authors note.But understanding how common it is allows health experts to distribute resources and get families the help they need, according to Frazier."Having prevalence estimates -- even if there is some variation -- helps us to advocate for improved screening, diagnosis, interventions and supports," he said. 5314
A missile which brought down Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in eastern Ukraine nearly four years ago was fired from a launcher belonging to Russia's 53rd anti-aircraft brigade, investigators said Thursday.The Buk missile was fired from a farm near Pervomaisk, the Joint Investigation Team into the MH17 disaster told a news conference in the Netherlands."At the time this area was under control of pro-Russian separatists," said Fred Westerbeke, chief prosecutor of the National Prosecutor's Office of the Netherlands. The Buk launcher of the 9M38 series "was transported from the territory of the Russian Federation and was returned to that territory of the Russian Federation afterwards." 695
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