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OTTAWA, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Many friends and colleagues of Canadian scientist Ralph Steinman reacted with shock when they learned on Monday that Steinman won the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology three days after he died.Since 1974, Nobel Prizes are no longer awarded posthumously, but the Nobel Prize committee said that it had made its choice before Steinman's death.Many of Steinman's friends and colleagues said that they learned of Steinman's death at the same time that they learned of his Nobel Prize, which was awarded for a discovery Steinman made in 1973.Steinman, 68, discovered dendritic cells, which help regulate adaptive immunity, which purges invading microorganisms from the body. Dendritic cells activate T cells, which "remember" the DNA sequence of invading organisms and protect the body from later infections from the same disease."Their work has opened up new avenues for the development of prevention and therapy against infections, cancer and inflammatory disease," the citation said.Monday, the Nobel Committee defended its decision to award the prize to Steinman. "The decision to award the Nobel Prize to Ralph Steinman was made in good faith, based on the assumption that the Nobel Laureate was alive," the foundation said in a statement."The Nobel Foundation thus believes that what has occurred is more reminiscent of the example in the statutes concerning a person who has been named as a Nobel Laureate and has died before the actual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony."It is still unclear who will pick up Steinman's prize at the award ceremony later this year.Steinman, a cell biologist at Rockefeller University in New York City, died of pancreatic cancer on Friday. For more than four years, he had used his own immune therapy discoveries to extend his life."The news is bittersweet, as we also learned this morning from Ralph's family that he passed a few days ago," Rockefeller University President Marc Tessier-Lavigne said in a statement."We are all so touched that our father's many years of hard work are being recognized with a Nobel Prize," Steinman's daughter, Alexis, said in the statement. "He devoted his life to his work and his family, and he would be truly honored."Steinman's heirs will share the 1.5-million U.S. dollar prize with American genetics professor Bruce Beutler and French scientist Jules Hoffmann.Dr. Beutler is professor of genetics and immunology at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Dr. Hoffmann headed a research laboratory in Strasbourg, France, between 1974 and 2009 and served as president of the French National Academy of Sciences between 2007 and 2008."Ralph worked right up until last week," said Michel Nussenzweig, a collaborator of Steinman's at Rockefeller University. "His dream was to use his discovery to cure cancer and infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. It's a dream that's pretty close."Steinman was born in 1943 in Montreal, Canada's second largest city, and studied chemistry and biology at McGill University in his hometown before receiving an MD from Harvard Medical School in Boston in 1968. He joined Rockefeller University in 1970 as a postdoctoral fellow."He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer four years ago, and his life was extended using a dendritic-cell based immunotherapy of his own design," the university said in a statement.In a statement, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper lauded the three winners of the Nobel for medicine and called the award " a fitting final tribute" to Steinman's life's work."Dr. Steinman shall be honored for all time with this achievement," Harper said. "Canadians will mourn his loss."

WASHINGTON, Sept. 30 (Xinhua) -- At least 15 people have been killed amid 84 sickened in 19 states in listeria outbreak traced to Colorado cantaloupes, making it the most deadly U.S. outbreak of food-borne infection since 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said Friday.Of the 15 victims, five were in New Mexico, three in Colorado, two in Texas, and one each in Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma. Health departments in Wyoming and Kansas have said they are investigating additional deaths that may be connected to the outbreak.The previous toll announced on Tuesday was 13 dead and 72 sick.The Food and Drug Administration on Sept. 14 warned consumers not to eat cantaloupes from Colorado's Rocky Ford region shipped by Jensen Farms. The cantaloupes with the brand name Rocky Ford were distributed from July 29 to Sept. 10 in at least 17 states."Even if some of the cantaloupe has been eaten without becoming ill, dispose of the rest of the cantaloupe immediately. Listeria bacteria can grow in the cantaloupe at room and refrigerator temperatures," the CDC said.Listeria is a common bacterium that typically causes mild illness in healthy people, but can cause severe illness in older people and those with compromised immune systems. It also can cause miscarriages and stillbirths in pregnant women and severe infections in new babies.Listeria infections lead to about 1,600 serious illnesses each year and about 260 people die, according to the CDC.The CDC estimates that about 48 million people in the U.S. each year get sick from tainted food, with about 128,000 hospitalized and 3,000 deaths.

SINGAPORE, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- Two Chinese Navy ships called at Singapore's Changi port on Sunday on their way back to China from an escort mission in the Gulf of Aden and the waters off Somali.The destroyer Wuhan and the frigate Yulin were part of the ninth flotilla dispatched by China in July to guard commercial ships in the troubled waters against pirates.They are stopping over in Singapore for three days to replenish fuel, water and other logistic supplies, officials said.The task force will also have exchanges with the Singapore side on anti-pirate efforts, and visit Singapore's Information Fusion Center, which is aimed to promote collaboration and information sharing in maritime security.The Chinese sailors were received at the port in Changi Naval Base on Sunday morning by Colonel Tan Kai Cheong, commander of the 3rd Flotilla, Singapore Navy; Chinese Ambassador to Singapore Wei Wei and other Chinese diplomats, as well as representatives of Chinese companies and the Chinese community in Singapore.Guan Jianguo, commander of the Chinese flotilla, said the task force left the port of Zhanjiang in Guangdong province on July 2. The two Chinese naval warships made port calls in Kuwait and Oman for friendly visits before stopping over at Singapore.The Chinese flotilla escorted 280 commercial vessels, including both Chinese and foreign ships, during the five months of the escort mission in the Gulf of Aden and the waters off Somali.Sixteen of the escorted vessels were Singapore-registered.The Chinese task force and the anti-pirate flotilla dispatched by Singapore also organized exchange visits, and the commanders of the two flotillas also met for exchanges.The Chinese Navy ships will leave Singapore on Tuesday for their home country.

UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- Dramatic progress in science, political leadership, and results indicate that 2011 was a "game changing" year for the international AIDS response, and much progress has been made in 2011 to check AIDS-related deaths since 1997, the peak of the epidemic, a new report released by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) said on Monday."The Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2011" found that new infections were reduced by 21 percent since 1997, and deaths from AIDS-related illnesses decreased by 21 percent since 2005, according to the report.Furthermore, 47 percent (6.6 million) of the estimated 14.2 million people eligible for antiretroviral therapy treatment in low- and middle-income countries were accessing treatment, in increase of 1.35 million people since 2009.The report also found early signs that HIV treatment is having an impact on reducing the number of new HIV infections. As treatment reduces the viral load of a person living HIV to almost undetectable levels, it also reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to an uninfected partner, according to the report. Studies also show that treatment can be up to 96 percent effective in preventing HIV transmission among couples.Eleven countries, including many Sub-Saharan African countries, reached "close to universal access" for AIDS treatment, which is determined to be 80 percent access, in 2011.Botswana made the most dramatic progress in scaling up access to treatment, the report said. While sexual patterns remained relatively stable in the country since 2000, access to treatment increased from less than 5 percent in 2000 to more than 80 percent in 2011.Despite progress, however, the report does note that 2011 marks an unprecedented high the number of people infected with HIV worldwide.Globally, an estimated 34 million people are currently living with the infection. Approximately 2.7 million got infected with the virus in 2010, and as many as 1.8 million people died of AIDS- related illnesses in 2010.Yet the report also notes estimates that as many as 2.5 million deaths are estimated to have been averted in low- and middle- income countries due to increased access to HIV treatment since 1995."Now is not the time to reduce our efforts despite some good news on reducing new infections. Infections are decreasing, but not rapidly enough," said Kim Nichols, executive director of African Services Committee, on Monday at a press conference."There are fewer AIDS deaths, but with the number of infections increasing, prevention has to be the mainstay of our response," Nichols said.Indeed, the UNAIDS report calls for a new framework for investments which are focused on "high-impact, evidence-based, high-value strategies," according to a press release from the UNAIDS website.The framework, which aims to achieve universal access to treatment and prevention centers by 2015, requires a 22-24 billion US dollar funding increase by 2015.Given the withering state of the global economy -- donor funding for the AIDS response has dropped from 7.6 billion in 2009 to 6.9 billion in 2010 -- raising that kind of money may be a long shot. Regardless, UNAIDS'new investment plan calls for smarter uses of less money.According to the report, the framework will focus on high-risk populations like sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs and prevent infections among children, as well as invest in behavior change programs, condom promotion, and treatment, care and support for people living with HIV."The world faces a clear choice: maintain current efforts and make incremental progress, or invest smartly and achieve rapid success in the AIDS response," says the UNAIDS report.

BEIJING, Dec. 2 (Xinhua) -- China cannot use its 3.2 trillion U.S. dollars in foreign exchange reserves to rescue other countries, a senior diplomat said on Friday."The argument that China should rescue Europe does not stand, as reserves are not managed that way," Vice Foreign Minister Fu Ying said at the Lanting forum, a gathering of Chinese officials, scholars and social groups held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to discuss international issues and foreign policy."China is not absent from international efforts to rescue Europe; it has been a positive and healthy participant," Fu said.Since the outbreak of the European financial crisis, China has dispatched more than 30 procurement delegations to Europe, helping to boost imports from the continent, Fu said.Fu added that there are many misunderstandings about the use of China's foreign reserves. "Foreign reserves are not domestic income or money that can be disposed of by the premier or finance minister," she said."Foreign reserves are akin to savings, and their liquidity should be ensured," Fu said."Foreign reserves are not revenue and cannot be relocated randomly. Under this circumstance, China should take the prospect of yields into consideration if it invests its foreign reserves," said Tian Dewen, an analyst at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.However, the outlook for the economic situation in the eurozone is currently uncertain, Tian said.Fu said China learned a lesson about the importance of foreign reserves during the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. ' "Reserves cannot be used domestically to alleviate poverty or taken abroad for development support," she said.She said that the way in which foreign reserves are managed should be in line with the principles of "safety, liquidity and proper profitability.""China's purchases of European bonds, International Monetary Fund bonds and U.S. bonds are also based on those principles," Fu said.Fu also said that China has no intention to gain profit by leveraging financial instruments."China will make efforts to overcome the crisis with Europe and the international community in the future," Fu said."As for the current turbulence in European markets, an authoritative voice is necessary in restoring market confidence. However, voices are diversified in Europe due to its political framework," said Chen Xin, an analyst at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.Fu also reviewed achievements made in trade and investment cooperation between the two sides."It is normal for Europe to strengthen its economic cooperation with China in the process of conquering its difficulties, although it is not proper to add negative political implications," Fu said.She urged Europe not to politicize China's foreign investments."Successful investment should be reciprocal. We hope our economic activities are not interpreted from a political prospective and are not imbued with political interests. We should follow market economy principles," Fu saidFu also took time to single out media reports about the crisis that she believes have been overtly political."Many European countries have shown their understanding and support for us, but there have also been some negative reports," Fu said."We should treat each other with a moderate and impartial mentality. That will make bilateral relations easier to handle," Fu said.She cited an investment bid by a Chinese company in Iceland that was turned down by the country's government.Zhongkun, a private Chinese real estate company founded in 1995, planned to buy 300 square km of land in Iceland to build a high-end resort with a total investment of 200 million U.S. dollars.However, Iceland's Interior Ministry rejected the bid, citing the size of the area of land involved and the fact that there is no precedent in Iceland for foreign countries to purchase large tracts of land.

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