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Police reform has been at the forefront of protests the past few weeks, following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis.The qualified immunity doctrine is getting a lot of attention.“Qualified immunity is a doctrine that was created by the Supreme Court in 1967 in a case called Pierson v. Ray, and when the Supreme Court announced the existence of qualified immunity, they described it as a good faith defense,” Joanna Schwartz, a professor at the UCLA School of Law, said.However, there have been debates on how this doctrine can be used.In recent weeks, Congressman Justin Amash proposed the “Ending Qualified Immunity Act” (H.R. 7085).“Qualified immunity is just another example of a justice system that is not working for people, and preventing people from getting the redress they deserve,” Representative Justin Amash (L-Michigan) said.So, we dove into qualified immunity with Joanna Shwartz, a law professor who studies civil rights litigation, and Justin Smith, a sheriff in Larimer County, Colorado.“Qualified immunity first of all has nothing to do with criminal immunity,” Sheriff Justin Smith said. Smith has been with the Larimer County Sheriff’s Department for nearly three decades.“Who in their right mind would build a career on running towards gun fire and confronting an armed suspect? Why would you do it without some type of civil protection?,” he explained.We sat down with him as he explained why qualified immunity is important for his officers. “I’d simply ask the question to the average American, is a police officer expected to be perfect in all of their actions in a split second?,” he asked. Smith said without qualified immunity, one incorrect decision made by an officer could cost a lot. “If you didn’t call that exactly right by one judges interpretation, that's a lawsuit,” he said.“Every time the officer puts on the shirt, the badge, straps on the firearm, comes to work, every action they take responding to a case essentially is as if they went to Vegas and they walked up to the table, placed a five dollar bet, and in Colorado for example, would cost them up to 0,000. Who's going to make that bet?,” Smith explained.However, those who want qualified immunity removed say the doctrine has changed over the years and it’s not necessary to protect officers who act in good faith when it comes to protection of rights.“Concerns about split second decision making...are already protected from liability by the Supreme Court's construction of what the Fourth Amendment allows. Qualified immunity is unnecessary to do that,” Schwartz explained.She went on to explain why she believes that qualified immunity isn’t necessary for the protection of money, either. “I studied lawsuit payouts across the country over several years, I found that police officer personally contributed .02 percent of the total dollars paid to plaintiffs,” she said.Schwartz said while the doctrine was originally created as a good faith defense, it has changed over the years to make it harder for people to file lawsuits against officers. “In order to defeat qualified immunity, find a prior case with virtually identical facts in which a court announced that that conduct was unconstitutional,” she said.Which has been an issue for James King from Michigan, who told a reporter he was assaulted by an officer in plain clothes in a mistaken identity case. The incident was caught on camera back in July 2014. “The simple fact is the majority of this time this situation happens to anyone, they have no recourse,” King said.Officers are often forced to make decisions in a split second. “This is a risk taking profession,” Smith said. “We can say the criminal justice system isn't perfect and that's accurate. Nothing in society is perfect. I think it’s overall improved significantly over the years.”But Schwartz thinks officers acting in good faith can be protected by other measures.“Qualified immunity is not necessary or well suited to play that role in weeding out insubstantial cases,” she said.Both Smith and Schwartz agree that when looking at proposed changes to qualified immunity on the federal and state level, it’s important to look at what officers the bill is including -- whether that be local, county, state, or federal officers.“Congress’ bills at this moment only end qualified immunity for state and local officials,” Schwartz explained. “As we are thinking about state and local law enforcement, we should not overlook the role of federal law enforcement and other government officials.” 4534

Pepsi is putting its spin on a popular holiday beverage.The soda making company is set to release a cocoa-flavored soda that features a hot chocolate-cola blend with hints of marshmallow after challenging fans on Twitter that they’d roll out “a batch” of the new flavor if the post received 2,021 retweets. 314

Philadelphia 76ers president Bryan Colangelo appears to have used multiple Twitter accounts to criticize players and coaches on his own team and release sensitive team information, according to a lengthy report?from?The Ringer on Tuesday night.The Ringer believes the 52-year-old Colangelo, a longtime basketball executive who has also held jobs with the Phoenix Suns and the Toronto Raptors, may have used up to five fake Twitter accounts to criticize his team's own players — including 2018 NBA All-Star Joel Embiid — debate his own coaching staff's decisions and reveal confidential team information."In February, The Ringer received an anonymous tip that Bryan Colangelo ... had been secretly operating five Twitter accounts," The Ringer's Ben Detrick wrote. Detrick added The Ringer has since "scrutinized and archived those accounts in an attempt to verify the source's claims."Colangelo, the son of former Phoenix Suns and Arizona Diamondbacks owner Jerry Colangelo, served as the Suns' general manager from 1995-2006 and was the 2005 NBA Executive of the Year. He resigned as Suns GM and became president and GM of the Toronto Raptors in 2006, two years after his father sold the Suns to current owner Robert Sarver. Colangelo went on to win the NBA Executive of the Year award with the Raptors in 2007.Colangelo was relieved of his role as Raptors GM in 2013 and soon resigned from his role as team president, as well. In 2016, he was hired as the 76ers' president of basketball operations.After The Ringer published its report, Colangelo admitted to operating one of the accounts but denied being behind the others."Like many of my colleagues in sports, I have used social media as a means to keep up with the news," Colangelo told The Ringer in a statement. "While I have never posted anything whatsoever on social media, I have used the @Phila1234567 Twitter account referenced in this story to monitor our industry and other current events. This storyline is disturbing to me on many levels, as I am not familiar with any of the other accounts that have been brought to my attention, nor do I know who is behind them or what their motives may be in using them."Embiid told ESPN's Adrian Wojnarowski that Colangelo called him Tuesday night to deny the tweets were from him."Maybe there's an IT person who can prove it wasn't Bryan Colangelo, but here's one of his biggest problems in disputing Ringer story: Those tweets reflected not only private team (business), but launched personal beefs/jealousies/frustrations that he's shared inside and outside 76ers," Wojnarowski tweeted. "Nevertheless, Colangelo is denying he is responsible for those tweets and many league executives seem to believe this: It is hard to fathom a GM risking his job in such a reckless manner. Many are giving him the benefit of the doubt on that level alone. It just doesn't add up." 2976

PARIS, Tenn. — The daughter of Hank Williams Jr. was killed in a crash in Henry County, Tennessee, Saturday night.The Tennessee Highway Patrol said 27-year-old Katherine Williams-Dunning was driving and towing a boat on Highway 79 near Paris when, for unknown reasons, the vehicle crossed the dividing median of the highway and rolled over.THP said her husband, Tyler Dunning, was injured in the crash. Paramedics flew Dunning to a nearby hospital for treatment. His condition has not yet been released.The crash remains under investigation.This story was originally published by staff at WTVF. 602

Please note this article is written as an explanatory piece from a writer for our content partners at CNN Newsource.Amazon turned the trunk of my car into a mailbox.The tech giant has launched a new service in 37 US cities that delivers packages to the trunks of cars for free. The catch? You need to be a Prime member.I spent a week testing the service and became convinced this is the future of urban deliveries -- for those with the right cars.  461