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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The California Appeals Court put a stay on the release of a sexually violent predator known as "Bolder than Most" rapist. Back in June 2019, a San Diego County Superior Court judge ruled in favor of conditional release for a sexually violent predator. Judge David M. Gill made the controversial decision for Alvin Ray Quarles, 56.Mary Taylor is a survivor and says she's hopeful with the appeals court stepping in, "we've been hopeful in the past, but this is actually a court saying wait a minute lets look at this." Up until this week, things were moving forward as the search for a place to release Quarles in San Diego County continued. Monday afternoon, Taylor got a call from the deputy district attorney saying they filed for a writ and it had been approved. A writ is similar to an appeal. The California Appeals Court issued a stay. Now, all progress towards finding Quarles a location has stopped and cannot continue again until the courts resolve the appeal. In the meantime, Quarles will stay at the Coalinga State Hospital getting treatment through a program for sexually violent predators. 1131

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The cost of housing in California isn’t just affecting first-time home buyers, it’s also taking a toll on retirees, according to a report from Global Atlantic Financial Group. The research, based on data from more than 4,000 people nationwide, found that retirees in California spend nearly ,575 a month: 30 percent more than the average retiree in the U.S. at ,008.Housing costs that build up during working years also take a toll. Nearly half of California’s non-retired residents ages 40 and up owe an average of 4,876 on their mortgages, compared to the national average of 4,770. Global Atlantic claims that sky-high housing expenses force California residents to make sacrifices during retirement, including cutbacks on restaurants and entertainment, travel and vacations and charitable giving. Almost 40 percent of retirees nationwide are spending more than they expected."Many Americans adjust their lifestyles and cut spending once they see how quickly costs can add up in retirement," says Paula Nelson of Global Atlantic. She says it's an important lesson for those currently in the workforce to understand. "While older retirees are collecting income from employer-sponsored retirement plans, such as pensions, younger and future retirees may not receive the same benefits. Not only have pensions gradually become less common, but the data shows that younger retirees are also less likely to have much saved in other defined contribution plans, like 401(k)s," says Nelson.More than half of retirees wish they'd handled their financial planning differently, according to analysts. The top three regrets include not saving enough, relying too much on Social Security, and not paying down debt before retiring. 1758
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The family of a man killed in 2013 is pleading with the community for new leads as the case has now been left unsolved for more than half a decade.Ralph Green was killed on October 20, 2013. He was murdered on Jewell Street in the Mountain View neighborhood, on the porch of his daughter’s home while at her 32nd birthday party.His daughter, Chanel Green, says the shooting happened suddenly, catching everyone by surprise.“My mother was on her way outside, so it was a blessing I didn't lose both my parents that day,” Chanel said. “I remember (my mother) shrieking, ‘oh my god, Ralph’s been shot.’ And I ran to the door to see my dad walk holding his neck.”Green says he was shot three times, once through this throat.“My brother catches him, and I moved my brother out of the way, and I laid (my father) down on the ground, and I start screaming, “oh my god, my dad’s been shot, call the police,’” she said. “My dad bled out on the floor, and all I could hope was that he heard me when I told him I loved him.” Channel’s aunt, Jennetta Pierce, was also shot. Pierce is Ralph’s cousin-in-law.Pierce says she was inside the house, by the window, when the bullets started flying. One of them hit her on the lower back.“I got hit, but I didn’t let anyone know I got hit because my kids were there, and I just told them to get up under the table,” Pierce recalled. After that, emergency crews came inside the house and took her to the hospital, where she spent two weeks. She says she spent the next five years focused on moving forward.Police have said the shooting was random. Chanel says there have been tips, and potentially leads given to the police but none have panned out. But she’s convinced that there are people out there that know something, that can give her and her family the closure they need.“For anybody who knows somebody that knows something to come forward, now is the time, to tell the truth,” Chanel said. Anyone with information can contact San Diego Police or Crime Stoppers at 888-580-8477. 2087
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Surveillance video captures in "disturbing" peeper outside a home in Old Town, as a teenage girl slept inside.Steve rents a home along Jefferson Street. Around 1:30 a.m. Sunday, he was close by with some friends when he got an alert on his phone."Just a feeling of alarm," said Steve.A stunned Steve saw video of a man outside his home, just staring. The cameras capture an older, balding man on the side of the home. His left hand is in his pants, as he peers into the windows."Behavior was really creepy," said Steve.Steve called police and raced home. His 15-year-old daughter was inside, asleep on the couch. In the video, the man keeps looking inside, though all the blinds are closed. His hand is still where it is."My immediate concern is that the guy is going to break a window or climb in the house," said Steve.After peering in the windows, he goes around the back and out of camera range. When he reappears, he decides to smoke before taking yet another look."He was so comfortable in my space looking in my windows and doing what he may have been doing," said Steve.Not long after, police arrive and take him into custody. The video shows he had been outside the home for some 30 minutes. Police say there was not enough evidence a crime had been committed and the man was released after an hour. Steve is still hoping to get the word out on the stranger and the odd behavior he fears could escalate."Probably has done it before and will do it again. Next time, he may go inside the house and decide to do something more than looking in a window," said Steve.Though charges haven't been filed, anyone with information on the case is asked to call San Diego Police at 619-531-2000. 1719
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