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SYDNEY, July 15 (Xinhua) -- The world's first drug to increase life expectancy of people with advanced melanoma has been approved for use in Australia, local media reported on Friday.The breakthrough drug Yervoy got approval from the Therapeutics Good Association (TGA) on Friday amid hopes it could add two years to the life of people with the most lethal form of skin cancer but for whom other treatments have failed, the Australian Associated Press (AAP) said.Clearance for the drug's use in Australia follows similar approvals by the U.S. health regulator in March.Yervoy works by attacking and destroying cancer cells.Patients are hooked up to an intravenous drip once every three weeks for a total of four doses.Professor Peter Hersey, consultant immunologist to the Melanoma Institute Australia, said no other drug had improved survival rates like Yervoy."Not all patients respond to it but those who do have a good chance of living longer than they would have otherwise," Hersey told AAP.While it may improve survival rates, Yervoy can produce side effects from diarrhea and vomiting to serious blood infections and kidney failure.The average survival time for people with advanced melanoma is just six months.A global study of 676 people with melanoma found that 45 percent of patients given Yervoy were still alive after one year, according to AAP.More than 20 percent lived at least two years, with a small number managing to survive for six years.A separate study, published in June, which showed similarly improved survival rates for patients with newly diagnosed advanced melanoma, has raised hopes that Yervoy could be made more widely available.Melanoma is the fourth most common cancer in Australia, with 10, 300 people diagnosed each year.

CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhuanet) -- A short-term memory loss may suggest the Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study made by Spanish researchers.The finding was published on Monday, in Archives of General Psychiatry, an American Medical Association journal.The researchers gathered data of 116 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who developed Alzheimer's disease within two years, 204 patients with the condition who didn't develop Alzheimer's and 197 people with no cognitive problems.Mild cognitive impairment is usually marked by difficulties with short-term memory, such as losing your train of thought repeatedly or having trouble remembering what you did yesterday, according to the study.After assessing them by biomarker tests and cognitive measures, the researcher found the cognitive markers can forecast the variance."Remarkably, they accounted for nearly 50% of the predictive variance," said Dr. Gomar of Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, who led the research.Mild cognitive impairment at the start of the study was a stronger predictor of Alzheimer's than most biomarkers, the researchers concluded.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The spacecraft Dawn of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has returned the first close-up image of the giant asteroid Vesta after entering its orbit for the first time last week, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Monday.The image taken for navigation purposes shows Vesta in greater detail than ever before, said JPL in Pasadena, California.On July 15, Dawn became the first probe to enter orbit around an object in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.When Vesta captured Dawn into its orbit, there were approximately 9,900 miles (about 16,000 kilometers) between the spacecraft and the asteroid.Vesta is 330 miles (about 530 kilometers) in diameter and the second most massive object in the asteroid belt.NASA's Dawn spacecraft obtained this image with its framing camera on July 17, 2011. It was taken from a distance of about 9,500 miles (15,000 kilometers) away from the protoplanet Vesta. Each pixel in the image corresponds to roughly 0.88 miles (1.4 kilometers). Ground- and space-based telescopes have obtained images of Vesta for about two centuries, but they have not been able to see much detail on its surface."We are beginning the study of arguably the oldest extant primordial surface in the solar system," said Dawn principal investigator Christopher Russell from the University of California, Los Angeles, which is responsible for Dawn's mission science. " This region of space has been ignored for far too long. So far, the images received to date reveal a complex surface that seems to have preserved some of the earliest events in Vesta's history, as well as logging the onslaught that Vesta has suffered in the intervening eons."Vesta is thought to be the source of a large number of meteorites that fall to Earth. Vesta and its new NASA neighbor, Dawn, are currently approximately 117 million miles (about 188 million kilometers) away from Earth. The Dawn team will begin gathering science data in August.Observations will provide unprecedented data to help scientists understand the earliest chapter of the solar system and pave the way for future human space missions, according to JPL."Dawn slipped gently into orbit with the same grace it has displayed during its years of ion thrusting through interplanetary space," said Marc Rayman, Dawn chief engineer and mission manager at NASA's JPL. "It is fantastically exciting that we will begin providing humankind its first detailed views of one of the last unexplored worlds in the inner solar system."Although orbit capture is complete, the approach phase will continue for about three weeks. During approach, the Dawn team will continue a search for possible moons around the asteroid; obtain more images for navigation; observe Vesta's physical properties; and obtain calibration data.In addition, navigators will measure the strength of Vesta's gravitational tug on the spacecraft to compute the asteroid's mass with much greater accuracy than has been previously available, according to JPL.Dawn will spend one year orbiting Vesta, then travel to a second destination, the dwarf planet Ceres, arriving in February 2015. The mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by JPL for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.Dawn is a project of the directorate's Discovery Program, which is managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alaska.

MOSCOW, June 27 (Xinhua) -- Russia successfully launched a Cosmos class military satellite on Monday, said spokesman of the Russian Space Forces Alexei Zolotukhin.A Soyuz-U carrier rocket carrying the military satellite blasted off from the Plesetsk Plesetsk space center in northern Russia at 20:00 Moscow time (1600 GMT), Zolotukhin said."The rocket put the Cosmos series military satellite into the designated orbit at 20:08 Moscow time (1608 GMT)," he added.The spokesman also said the launch of the Soyuz-U carrier rocket "was the first time for this type of rockets" in this year.The launch carried out by a team from the Russian Space Forces was supervised by Space Forces Commander Oleg Ostapenko.The satellite, Cosmos-2472, is a new member to a Russian network of about 60-70 military reconnaissance satellites.

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