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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

CAMP PENDLETON, Calif. (KGTV) - Fire crews responded Thursday to a fire on Camp Pendleton near the Hotel training area, North County Fire reported. The so-called Weisgarber Fire scorched at least 120 acres one mile west of the DeLuz Gate by Thursday night, Cal Fire said. Crews were able to get the fire 40 percent contained by around 7 p.m. By 10 p.m., base officials said that crews stopped the fire's forward rate of spread.North County Fire officials said the flames posed no threat to Fallbrook or the surrounding area. As of 6:45 a.m. Friday, Cal Fire officials said the fire was 100 percent contained and was stopped at 120 acres burned.There is no word on the cause of the fire. 695

California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill Saturday that allows transgender inmates to be housed in jails or prisons based on their gender identity.SB 132 says that during the initial intake process, the California Department of Corrections is required to note each incoming inmate's gender identity, whether they identify as "transgender, nonbinary, or intersex" and the inmate's gender pronouns. The inmate will then be sent to an appropriate facility based on their gender identity.The state cannot deny an inmate's request solely based on their anatomy or sexual orientation. However, ABC News reports that the state can deny requests if the inmate poses a "management or security concern." In that case, the state must provide the inmate with a written statement explaining their decision and give the inmate an opportunity to object.Previously, inmates were sent to facilities based on their birth gender. A 2009 study by the University of California, Irvine found that transgender inmates in the state were 13 times more likely to be sexually assaulted than an average inmate. A separate federal study done between 2011 and 2012 found that about 12% of non-heterosexual inmates reported being sexually victimized — a rate about 10 times higher than those of heterosexual inmates.According to ABC News, transgender women housed in facilities for men are among those most at risk of being assaulted."It's just a false narrative about transgender people and about transgender women in particular that they're somehow not really women and are just trying to scam their way into women's bathrooms or facilities in order to do bad things," State Sen. Scott Wiener, who authored the bill, told The Associated Press. "Overwhelmingly the people who are being victimized are trans people.""California has some of the strongest pro LGBTQ+ laws in the nation and with the bills signed today, our march toward equality takes an additional step forward," Newsom said in a statement. "These new laws will help us better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on the LGBTQ+ community, establish a new fund to support our transgender sisters and brothers and advance inclusive and culturally competent efforts that uphold the dignity of all Californians, regardless of who you are or who you love."According to CNN, Connecticut passed a similar law in 2018. 2351

CAPE CORAL, Fla. — A Lee County mom kept her son home from school on Monday because she felt it was inappropriate for the school to allow children to have a water gun fight in the wake of recent school shootings.The mother, who did not want to be identified because she didn't want to identify her son, said during a time when students are put through active shooter training, encouraging students to shoot what she calls water guns at each other is inappropriate.The Lee County School District is calling them "squirt toys," and says they're not water guns."What is this? Put the fun back in the gun? I don't understand it. It completely contradicts everything they stand for," the mom said.She said her son came home from Mariner Middle School recently and told her he would need money for a water gun fight on field day."This is completely asinine. I don't understand. They're telling us it's necessary to teach them there's no tolerance for guns. You enter the property, it's a gun free zone. Yet they're saying here's a gun, point it at me, point it at your fellow student and pull the trigger," she said.She said she understands they're meant for fun.  "But who knows what's going on inside these kids heads now-a-days. How do you know they're not fantasizing about the adrenaline rush of what if this is real?" she said.She said given the timing of the Santa Fe school shooting and increased sensitivity in Florida after the Parkland shooting, this activity isn't appropriate."Any other day of the year, according to the Lee County School District code of conduct policy, there's no fake weaponry even allowed on school," she said. The Lee County School District spokesperson said they're not water guns, they're squirt toys or pool toys. He also said: "Field days are meant to be a reward for the students hard work during the school year. We encourage any parent who has concerns with certain school activities to contact their child's principal." Rob Spicker, Communications Coordinator at the Lee County School District said."You can't sugarcoat the world, but certainly when I take my son to school, I don't expect his teacher to hand him a play gun, empty water gun, a water gun, and say 'point this at me and shoot,'" she said.She said she's also disappointed she wasn't notified that this activity would be part of field day, and was told other schools were doing this, too. 2462

Chad Daybell, the husband of a woman whose children have been missing since September, appeared in court on Wednesday after two sets of human remains were found on his property.During Wednesday's court appearance, prosecutor Rob Wood said the remains were those of 7-year-old Joshua "JJ" Vallow and 17-year-old Tylee Ryan, both of whom have been missing since September.Kay Woodcock, JJ's grandmother, also confirmed to East Idaho News that one set of the remains are those of her grandson's.Police have not yet publicly confirmed the identity of the remains.Daybell faces two counts of evidence destruction, alteration or concealment. His bail was set at million. Should Daybell make bail, he will be required to stay in certain parts of Idaho and will wear an ankle monitor. He also cannot have contact with the families of the victims. Daybell was arrested Tuesday shortly after police served a search warrant on his home in Idaho. Two criminal complaints allege Daybell willfully concealed or aided and abetted in the willful concealment of human remains, "knowing that said human remains were about to be produced, used and/or discovered as evidence in a felony proceeding, inquiry and/or investigation authorized by law, with the intent to prevent it from being so produced, used and/or discovered."Daybell is married to Lori Vallow, the mother of JJ and Tylee. She was arrested in Hawaii in connection with her children's disappearance on Feb. 20 and was extradited back to Idaho. She remained jailed despite several attempts to lower her bond.JJ and Tylee went missing in September, shortly after Daybell and Vallow married. Daybell's former wife, Tammy, died of what was believed to be natural causes shortly before Daybell and Vallow married. Vallow's former husband also died under suspicious circumstances in 2019.This story was originally published by KIVI in Bosie, Idaho. 1897

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