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While the second Monday in October is traditionally when Columbus Day is observed, many communities have opted to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead.Columbus Day became a federal holiday in 1937. For many, the holiday is a way of honoring the achievements of Christopher Columbus and celebrating Italian-American heritage, according the History Channel.However, the explorer and his holiday have generated controversy. Although Columbus was the first European to explore the Americas since the Vikings established colonies in the 10th century, the History Channel says he viewed the native people as obstacles.Columbus is accused of labeling the indigenous people as “Indians.” Other points of controversy revolve around the use of violence and slavery, the forced conversion of native people to Christianity, and the introduction of deadly diseases.As a result of these points, Native Americans and other groups have protested the celebration of Columbus Day, viewing it as a celebration of the colonization of America, the beginning of the slave trade, and the deaths of natives from murder and disease.In the past few years, there’s been a movement to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day, which honors Native American histories and cultures. Several states now celebrate or observe that holiday instead of or in conjunction with Columbus Day.A total of 14 states, Washington D.C. and more than 130 cities observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day, USA Today reports. Those states are Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont and Wisconsin. 1648

With hurricane season in full swing, there's a lot of talk from meteorologists about hurricane "categories." What do they mean, and what do they tell us about a storm?It turns out, a hurricane's category is only based on one thing: wind speed.According to the National Hurricane Center's website, the agency relies on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to determine a storm's strength. The scale categorizes a hurricane on a 1-5 scale, based on the storm's maximum sustained winds — the one-minute average of the wind speed taken from inside the storm.When storms over the Atlantic begin to organized into a rotating system around a central "eye," and sustained wind speeds in the storm reach 39 mph, it's classified as a tropical storm. Once wind speeds in the system reach 74 mph, it becomes a hurricane.From there, the NHC uses the Saffir-Simpson Scale to determine how much destruction a hurricane is expected to inflict on an area. While any hurricane is expected to cause damage to homes and topple some trees in its path, higher wind speeds can lead to trees blocking roads and downing power lines, isolating communities without power or access to water for weeks — or even months.STRENGTHMAX SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDDESTRUCTION CATEGORY 1Between 74 mph and 95 mphWell-constructed houses could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly-rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. CATEGORY 2Between 96 mph and 110 mphHouses could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. CATEGORY 3 (major)Between 111 mph and 129 mphHouses may incur major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees — regardless of root depth — will be snapped or uprooted, blocking roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.CATEGORY 4 (major)Between 130 mph and 156 mphHouses can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and possibly some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles will topple. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.CATEGORY 5 (major)Above 157 mphA high percentage of framed houses will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.Any hurricane that reaches Category 3, with sustained winds above 111 mph, is considered a "major" hurricane. According to the NHC, that's because "of their potential for significant loss of life and damage." But that doesn't mean Category 1 and 2 hurricanes can't be deadly.The NHC itself says that Category 1 and 2 hurricanes are "still dangerous" and "require preventative measures."While Hurricane Sandy peaked at Category 3 intensity when it made landfall in Cuba in 2012, it had collapsed into a post-tropical cyclone by the time it reached New Jersey on Oct. 29. Even though the storm only had Category 1 strength winds, it still resulted in the deaths of 131 people in America, according to media reports, and an estimated billion in damages — the second-costliest hurricane in U.S. history up to that point.The Saffir-Simpson Scale also doesn't take into account storm surge in coastal areas and flash flooding caused by the surge and heavy rain. Flooding can cause significant property damage and make main roads — including expressways — inaccessible. 3864

When Missy Owen heard that the non-profit National Safety Council was putting together a memorial for opioid victims called "Prescribed to Death" and was, in effect, looking for personal stories to help put a human face on the crisis, she was excited. “I was like, 'oh yes, this is a great idea,'” Owen said, “This is an awesome project, yes I’ll do that!”The project would be another way to try and keep the memory of her son Davis alive. Not only that, but it could potentially help make an impact on others in the hopes of one day ending the epidemic that takes 22,000 lives a year.“I knew that it would help other people,” she said.But months went by.“I procrastinated, and I procrastinated," she said.Owen said bringing herself to fill out the paperwork — to spell out, in detail, the pain she suffered when she lost her 20-year-old son, an honor student and class president — was so painful that she waited until the very last day the organization would accept submissions.But in the end, she said she knew this memorial would be something people would remember.“You look at all this, and you go up to it, and you see it, and you see those faces so close,” she said.With this exhibit, being close is the only way to experience it because it consists of 22,000 pills, one for each opioid death that occurs in the U.S. each year.Owen said when she sees the enormity of it, she thinks of 22,000 families that learned to “live differently,” as she had to.“(These families) learned their new normal, and learned to live without someone that they loved and cared for deeply,” she said.But there’s one more layer to the exhibit — each of the 22,000 pills has a likeness carved into it by a 3D printer. The faces are modeled after actual victims of the crisis. Among the 22,000 pills is Davis Owen.“I haven’t found him,” Missy Owen said, staring closely at the rows and columns of tiny white pills. “But I know he’s here.”Owen has seen it several times now. But it’s still an emotional experience. She recalls how Davis fell down the path of addiction.Davis was gifted, Missy said, but his brain had trouble “shutting off.” He had trouble sleeping when he was stressed, and one night he took a seemingly innocuous trip to the family medicine cabinet. “I’m supposing he was looking for something like Advil PM or Tylenol PM, something like that,” she said.He grabbed an old, leftover Vicodin prescription that Missy estimates may have had 30 pills in it. Its label: ‘May cause drowsiness.’“And he was one of those one in 10 people that have that euphoric experience when taking an opioid medication. And he continued to use that bottle until it was gone. By that time he was completely addicted,” she said.It soon turned into a need for the recreational opioid heroin, and that, in turn, led to his overdose in 2014.She and her family have since started the Davis Direction Foundation and The Zone, which helps former addicts to stay sober, to stay “in the zone,” as she put it.One of the hardest aspects for Missy Owen come to terms with is that his death, and those of so many others whose faces are now etched onto that wall, was preventable.“Davis’s story is so sad,” Owen said, “and so awful.”“But it’s not uncommon,” she said.She said she hopes the memorial can help to humanize the epidemic for people who haven’t had to suffer the loss of a loved one, in the hopes that we can stem the epidemic.Maureen Vogel, spokesperson for the National Safety Council, said people have walked away visibly moved.“(People say) ‘it’s encouraging me to change. It's encouraging me to talk to my doctor,’ and ‘it's encouraging me to talk to my own family,'” Vogel said.The exhibit premiered in Chicago late last year, and it goes on display outside the White House this month. Vogel says 14 other cities have expressed interest in hosting the memorial so far. “Data only tells part of the story,” Vogel said. “You have to put a face on the statistic for people to really relate to it,” she said.Missy Owen said she hopes this year is the year the epidemic turns a corner.“We are losing a whole generation of people. It has to be a turning point," she said.  4228

When it comes to scaring us, Hollywood sure likes to have fun with spiders. But it's no fun when you have a real fear of them. So it's no surprise when it came time to see one in person, Cassandra Kidd was a bit nervous.  "Oh God I'm scared!" Kidd exclaimed.   She mustered up her strength to hold Rosie the tarantula. And after just a few seconds the fear was gone.  "It felt kind of like a ladybug but more gentle," Kidd says.    Kathleen Lewis peered over the wall as her grandson held Rosie.  "No I'm not as brave as my four-year-old grandson," Lewis says.  Fear kept her from holding the spider herself.  "Too many legs moving," Lewis says.When it comes to overcoming fears like Arachnophobia experts say educating yourself in an environment where you feel safe can make all the difference. The Spider Pavilion at Butterfly Pavilion is an example. Arachnids of all sizes hang out above.  A belief that spiders want to jump down on you is one of many misconceptions Mary Ann Colley, Vice President of Science and Conservation at Butterfly Pavilion, has heard about spiders.  "People are always saying, 'Oh, I am going to eat spiders in my sleep,'" Colley says. "That's not true."Another? The idea they want to bite you."Spiders really don't want to have anything to do with us," Colley says. "They want to do their own thing, they want to hunt for their food, create their webs."  Colley says only a small amount of spiders have a level of toxicity to actually hurt us. Butterfly Pavilion hopes sharing facts can help overcome fear."We want to be respectful of nature around us," Colley says. "So we always suggest to observe so just to take a look you can get close but you don't have to touch."  Seeing spiders in a new light. And facing your fear head on. 1850

When it comes to scaring us, Hollywood sure likes to have fun with spiders. But it's no fun when you have a real fear of them. So it's no surprise when it came time to see one in person, Cassandra Kidd was a bit nervous.  "Oh God I'm scared!" Kidd exclaimed.   She mustered up her strength to hold Rosie the tarantula. And after just a few seconds the fear was gone.  "It felt kind of like a ladybug but more gentle," Kidd says.    Kathleen Lewis peered over the wall as her grandson held Rosie.  "No I'm not as brave as my four-year-old grandson," Lewis says.  Fear kept her from holding the spider herself.  "Too many legs moving," Lewis says.When it comes to overcoming fears like Arachnophobia experts say educating yourself in an environment where you feel safe can make all the difference. The Spider Pavilion at Butterfly Pavilion is an example. Arachnids of all sizes hang out above.  A belief that spiders want to jump down on you is one of many misconceptions Mary Ann Colley, Vice President of Science and Conservation at Butterfly Pavilion, has heard about spiders.  "People are always saying, 'Oh, I am going to eat spiders in my sleep,'" Colley says. "That's not true."Another? The idea they want to bite you."Spiders really don't want to have anything to do with us," Colley says. "They want to do their own thing, they want to hunt for their food, create their webs."  Colley says only a small amount of spiders have a level of toxicity to actually hurt us. Butterfly Pavilion hopes sharing facts can help overcome fear."We want to be respectful of nature around us," Colley says. "So we always suggest to observe so just to take a look you can get close but you don't have to touch."  Seeing spiders in a new light. And facing your fear head on. 1850