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ASHGABAT, Dec. 13 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao and his Turkmen counterpart Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov agreed here Sunday to continually advance bilateral cooperation in an all-round and sustainable way.     The Chinese president, who arrived here earlier in the day for a working visit, held talks with Berdymukhamedov in Ashgabat, capital of this Central Asia nation in the afternoon.     Hu said the Chinese and Turkmen economies are highly complementary to each other, and bilateral cooperation in all dimensions and various fields accords with the needs of economic development of both countries.     Hu outlined four areas that the two countries should focus on to advance practical cooperation. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) shakes hands with Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov in Ashgabat, capital of Turkmenistan, on Dec. 13, 2009.     Firstly, the two countries should start as soon as possible the mechanism of Sino-Turkmen cooperation committee so as to better guide and coordinate practical cooperation between the two countries.     Secondly, the two countries should continue to deepen cooperation in the energy sector. Hu said the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline is a cooperative project that benefits the two countries and the whole region.     China is ready to work with Turkmenistan to secure smooth operation of the gas pipeline, and further advance bilateral cooperation in the oil and gas sector in line with the principle of equal consultation and mutual benefit, Hu said.     Thirdly, the two countries should also strengthen cooperation in non-energy fields. Hu said China is ready to expand cooperation with Turkmenistan in transport, telecommunications, building materials and infrastructure development. He proposed that the two countries should study and draft a plan of middle- and long-term cooperation in non-energy fields.     Fourthly, the two countries should earnestly implement the credit projects they agreed upon by accelerating the inauguration of relevant projects.     After the talks, Hu and Berdymukhamedov attended the signing ceremony of a number of cooperation documents in trade, investment, and telecommunications. Chinese President Hu Jintao meets with Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov in Ashgabat, capital of Turkmenistan, on Dec. 13, 2009Hu said the activities of the "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism in Central Asia have posed a serious threat to the stability of all countries in the region.     China is ready to strengthen communication with Turkmenistan and work together to crack down on the "three evil forces" and cross-border crimes so as to effectively maintain regional security and stability, he said.     Hu emphasized that cooperation in the fields of humanities and culture is an important part of bilateral relations. He said expanding cultural cooperation is conducive to reinforcing the foundation of bilateral friendship and expanding mutually beneficial cooperation in all fields.     China is ready to work with Turkmenistan to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in culture, sports, education, press, health and tourism. The two countries should actively carry out exchanges in the fields of humanities and culture, promote contact between their art groups, non-government organizations, media organizations and academic institutes and step up cooperation in education, he added.     Hu announced the decision to double the number of annual scholarships offered by the Chinese government to Turkmen students studying in China from the current 45 to 90. Hu also expressed China's readiness to provide assistance to Turkmenistan on Chinese language learning.     Hu said since the two countries established diplomatic links 17years ago, the two sides have maintained a high level of mutual trust and firmly supported each other on major issues concerning each other's core interests. He noted that the two countries have carried out vigorous cooperation in trade, energy and culture.     Hu said China has always placed importance on its relations with Turkmenistan, regarding it as a reliable friend and major partner. He said strengthening practical cooperation in all areas is in the common interests of both countries and peoples.     Hu said China is ready to work with Turkmenistan for the all-round, in-depth and rapid development of their bilateral ties.     Berdymukhamedov fully agreed with Hu's proposals for developing bilateral ties, saying Hu's visit is of special significance. He said Turkmenistan attaches great importance to China and its relations with China.     The long-term strategic partnership between the two countries is based on a high degree of mutual trust, mutual respect and friendship. Despite the changes in international situation, the Turkmen government and people will always firmly push forward cooperation with China, he said.     Berdymukhamedov spoke highly of the rapid growth of bilateral trade in recent years, saying China has become one of the biggest trade partners to Turkmenistan.     Despite the impacts of international financial crisis, trade between China and Turkmenistan increased 135.5 percent in 2008 and38.7 percent in the first 10 months of 2009.     Berdymukhamedov said Chinese companies have made investment in oil and gas, transportation and other sectors in Turkmenistan and won respect of Turkmen companies.     He said the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline is an example of sincere cooperation under the strategic partnership of the two countries. He said the project is not only in the long-term interests of both countries and their peoples, but is also conducive to maintaining stability of the global energy market.     President Hu will fly to the border town of Turkmenabad Monday to attend a ceremony to inaugurate a natural gas pipeline linking China, Kazakstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.     Berdymukhamedov said that under the new circumstance the two countries share a broad prospect of cooperation in all areas. Turkmenistan is ready to strengthen political dialogue and carry out practical cooperation with China in the fields of chemical industry, building material industry, science, culture and education.     The president said China is an important force for promoting world peace, stability and development. He expressed satisfaction with the effective cooperation between the two countries in multilateral organizations, saying the two sides share broad common interest and hold similar stances on international affairs.     Before the talks, Hu presented Berdymukhamedov with a list of books donated to the National Library of Turkmenistan.

BEIJING, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will never swerve from its carbon emission cut target despite all pressure and difficulties, said a senior official Thursday evening. Xie Zhenhua, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner, made the remarks at a press conference.     China's State Council, the Cabinet, announced Thursday that the country is going to reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45 percent compared with the level of 2005.     This is a "voluntary action" taken by the Chinese government "based on our own national conditions" and "is a major contribution to the global effort in tackling climate change," the State Council said.     Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei also attended the press conference. "China made the emission cut target without financial and technological support from developed countries. This is not only for the country's own sustainable development, but also for the benefit of all the mankind," said He.     However, China is still hoping developed countries would take actions as soon as possible, He said, adding that the Bali Road Map has set binding targets and actions on emission cut, investment and technology for developed countries.     China faces huge pressure and special difficulties in controlling greenhouse gas emission, as the country has a large population and relatively low economic development level and is at a critical period to accelerate industrialization and urbanization, Xie said.     "It demands great courage for the government to announce such a target," said Yu Jie, an official in charge of Climate Group's policy and research. The Climate Group is a British-based non-governmental environmental organization.     As a developing country, China still faces various problems in both economic and social development, and it is not easy to make such a commitment, Yu said.     The announcement of China's carbon emission target has broken one of the deadlocks challenging the upcoming Copenhagen summit, she said. It is also an answer to President Hu Jintao's promise at the September United Nations climate summit in New York that China would cut emission intensity by "a notable margin" by 2020 from the 2005 level.     China's target is made after scientific research and calculations, combining the efforts to both tackle climate change and promote social and economic development, said Yao Yufang, professor at the Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). "Any party that asks China for higher cut is acting unreasonably."     China can and will achieve the target if the country endeavors to improve energy efficiency, promote the development of renewable energy and optimize industrial structure, Yao said.     "The country has set a specific quantitative target far beyond the Bali Road Map demands for developing countries, which reflects China's sincerity to make the Copenhagen summit successful and its commitment to tackle the climate change," said Pan Jiahua, director of the CASS Research Center for Urban Development and Environment.     Li Gao, an NDRC official and a key climate change negotiator representing the Chinese government, said Tuesday: "We will try to make the summit successful and we will not accept that it ends with an empty and so-called political declaration."

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama said here Monday the U.S.-China cooperation enables both countries to be more prosperous and more secure and that young people are the best ambassadors.     Obama had a dialogue with 500-strong Chinese college students Monday afternoon in the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, a highlighted activity in the first stop of his four-day maiden trip to China since taking office in January.     He covered a wide range of topics, notably the outlook of Sino-U.S. cooperation and youth exchanges between the two countries, while delivering opening remarks and answering questions from the students and Chinese Internet users.     POSITIVE SINO-U.S. TIES     Obama said China is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promises of the future and that the same can be said of the relationship between the two countries. The Shanghai Communiqué signed 37 years ago opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between the governments and the people of the two countries, he said.     "Today we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time: economic recovery, development of clean energy, stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the surge of climate change, and the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe," Obama said.     "We have seen what is possible when we build on our mutual interests and engage on the basis of mutual respect."     The success of that engagement depends on understanding, on sustaining an open dialogue and learning about one another and from one another, he said.     "Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulties. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined," Obama said, noting that the two countries "share much in common" while they are "different in certain ways."     He said one country's success need not come at the expense of another.     "That is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise; on the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations, a China that draws on the rights, strengths and creativity of individual Chinese like you," Obama said to the students.     YOUNG PEOPLE BEST AMBASSADORS     Obama announced in his speech that the United States would further expand its youth exchanges with China by increasing the number of students studying in China to 100,000.     "These exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help us determine the destiny of the 21st century," he said.     He said young people in China and U.S. are the best ambassadors and that cooperation between the countries should go beyond the governments.     "I believe strongly that cooperation must grow beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people, in the studies we share, in the business we do, in the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports we play, and these bridges must be built by men and women just like you, and your counterparts in America," Obama said.     "I am absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people, for they just like you are filled with talent, energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.     "So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation between our two nations and the world," Obama said.     "If there is one thing we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward," Obama said in his speech. 

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- The State Council, China's cabinet, released a review of its legislative work in 2009 on Sunday, which gave a brief account of the role legislation has played in helping people improve their livelihoods and develop society generally.     The State Council tabled five bills for deliberation by the Standing Committee of China's top legislature and formulated 22 administrative regulations in 2009.     To safeguard people's safety and promote fitness campaign, the State Council has mapped out regulations for the implementation of China's food safety law, migrant population family planning, national fitness and lottery management, it said.     To promote legislation regarding environment protectional, energy-saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the State Council formulated regulations on recycling discarded home appliances and electronic devices, regulations on prevention of marine pollution from ships as well as safe transportation and monitoring of radioactive objects.     The State Council also submitted laws to the NPC Standing Committee to advance the development of relevant sectors. Among them were draft laws regarding diplomatic personnel, the people's armed police force, a draft revision to the Law on Guarding State Secrets, and a draft revision of China's Organic Law of Villagers' Committees.     To encourage public participation in lawmaking and improve the quality of laws, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council sought public submissions on 22 draft administrative regulations.     Among those laws and regulations, the draft regulation for the implementation of the Food Safety Law has attracted more than 10,000 public submissions.     The State Council has cancelled or standardized administrative charges and helped cut the expenses of enterprises amid the global economic downturn, said the review.     The State Council attached great importance to strengthening and improving macro-control policies and established legislative programs to facilitate economic development, it said.     To ensure the safety of transportation of natural resources, the State Council submitted a draft law on the protection of China's pipelines for oil and natural gas; it also formulated a regulation on the management of civil airport to standardize the construction and management of such projects.     Through enhanced supervision on administrative power, stepped-up efforts on settling administrative disputes and standardized enforcement of administrative law, the State Council helped maintain social harmony and stability, according to the review.     More than 33 percent of the cases involving administrative review were rectified, it said.     In a bid to provide guidance for local government, the office has mapped out a five-year plan on the construction of a government information network, which it says will offer strong technological support and information service for government legislative work.     More efforts have been made in studying theories and upgrading its international cooperation, said the review. In one case, for example, the office held a seminar on pension laws with German Federal Ministry of Justice from April 27 to 28 this year.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- The United States requested the World Trade Organization (WTO) on Wednesday to establish a dispute settlement panel to rule on China's export restraints on raw materials. But Chinese officials insist that they are consistent with WTO rules.     The materials at issue are: bauxite, coke, fluorspar, magnesium, manganese, silicon metal, silicon carbide, yellow phosphorus, and zinc, key inputs for numerous downstream products in the steel, aluminum, and chemical sectors across the globe.     The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) said in a statement that the raw materials are "critical to U.S. manufacturers and workers."     The USTR also said that the European Union and Mexico are joining the United States in requesting the establishment of a WTO dispute settlement panel regarding this matter.     The U.S. and the European Union requested formal consultations with China at the WTO on June 23, 2009, and Mexico filed its consultations request on August 21, 2009.     "We believe the restraints at issue in this dispute significantly distort the international market and provide preferential conditions for Chinese industries that use these raw materials," said Debbie Mesloh, a USTR spokeswoman.     "Working together with the European Union and Mexico, we tried to resolve this issue through consultations, but did not succeed. At this point, therefore, we need to move forward with the next step in the WTO dispute settlement process," Mesloh stated. "We remain open to working with China to find a mutually agreeable solution to our concerns."     But the Chinese Ministry of Commerce defended China's export policies, saying they are consistent with WTO rules.     The chief aim of China's export policies is to protect the environment and conserve natural resources, said an official with the Ministry of Commerce in June.     China has been keeping communication and contact with the U.S. and the EU over China's policy on raw material exports, the official said, adding that China will properly deal with the consultation request in accordance with WTO dispute settlement procedures.     According to the procedures, China, the U.S., the EU and Mexico have 60 days to try to resolve their dispute through consultations. If consultations fail, the U.S., the EU and Mexico could ask for a WTO panel to investigate and rule on this dispute.