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ULAN BATOR, Dec. 1 (Xinhua) -- Mongolia will continue to curb the spread of HIV and strive to maintain a low prevalence of the AIDS epidemic, a government official said Thursday.Gansukh Battulga, an official with the National Committee on AIDS, told Xinhua that Mongolia is currently an HIV low-prevalence country with a total of 99 people, 15 of whom have died, infected with the virus that causes AIDS."Among the 99 HIV infected cases, 81 percent are men, and the remaining 19 percent are women," Battulga said. "Among the male infected cases, 83 percent belong to MSM (men who have sex with men) group while sex workers account for 54 percent of the female infected cases."The official said the government has launched a variety of programs and tasked the National Committee on AIDS to coordinate all organizations in fighting the epidemic.According to a National Strategy Plan for 2010-2015, Mongolia will strive to maintain its current low HIV-prevalence rate of below 5 percent in the most-at-risk population.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Vitamin D levels are significantly lower in patients with recurrent inflammatory spinal cord disease, according to a study published online Monday in Archives of Neurology.Vitamin D is a steroid vitamin that promotes the intestinal absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. In recent years, low levels of vitamin D have been linked to a variety of autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the importance of vitamin D in monophasic or recurrent non-MS spinal cord diseases including transverse myelitis and neuromyelitis optica is unknown, according to background information in the article.Transverse myelitis (TM) is a disease of the spinal cord in which there is involvement of the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers; symptoms include back pain and weakness in the legs. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disease of the central nervous system that affects the optic nerves and spinal cord.Maureen Mealy, of Johns Hopkins University and colleagues investigated the association between low serum vitamin D levels and recurrent spinal cord disease. They analyzed data on vitamin D levels among 77 patients with monophasic (having only one phase or stage) and recurrent inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord, adjusting for season, age, sex, and race. The study found that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients who developed recurrent spinal cord disease."Our findings suggest that there may be an association between lower total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with recurrent TM/NMO/ spectrum disorders as compared with their counterparts with monophasic disease," the authors report. They suggest that future studies are needed to further assess the relationship between vitamin D and recurrent spinal cord disease.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Children with autism have more brain cells and heavier brains compared to typically developing children, according to a study to be published on Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The small, preliminary study provides direct evidence for possible prenatal causes of autism.The prefrontal cortex is involved in various higher order functions such as language and communication, social behavior, mood, and attention. Children who have autism tend to show deficits in such functions.Eric Courchesne, of the University of San Diego School of Medicine Autism Center of Excellence, and colleagues conducted direct counts of brain cells in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in postmortem brains of seven boys who had autism and six typically developing males, ranging in age from 2-16 years. Most participants had died in accidents, but the researchers did not base their selection on causes of death.The researchers found that children with autism had 67 percent more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and heavier brains for their age compared to typically developing children. Since these neurons are produced before birth, the study's findings suggest that faulty prenatal cell birth or maintenance may be involved in the development of autism. Another possible factor that may contribute to the neuronal excess is a reduction in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which normally occurs during the third trimester and early postnatal life.Though small, this preliminary study examined all relevant postmortem tissue available at the time. The relative scarcity of tissue from very young children may limit future research as well, but efforts to include a larger number of samples are needed to confirm these findings and to identify patterns of age-related changes in autism, the researchers say."Earlier studies of head circumference and early brain overgrowth have pointed us in this direction, but there have been few quantitative neuroanatomical studies due to the lack of postmortem tissue from children with autism," said Thomas Insel, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, in a statement. "These new results, along with an earlier study reporting altered wiring of the prefrontal cortex, focus our attention on this critical area of the brain in autism."
VIENNA, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- A sculpture of late Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was presented to the UN Office in Vienna (UNOV) Friday to celebrate "50 Years of Human Spaceflight," the theme of the World Space Week 2011.In 1961, Gagarin completed an orbit around the Earth aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft, serving as a pioneer of human spaceflight.The sculpture is a gift from the Russian government and would be placed at the Permanent Exhibit of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA).Attendants of the ceremony include UNOV Director-General Yury Fedotov, UNOOSA Director Mazlan Othman and Head of the Russian Permanent Mission Vladimir Voronkov."Outer space is one of the most exciting and challenging topics, and perhaps of all the important topics on the agenda of the United Nations, none quite captures our imagination like outer space," Othman said in her statement.Meanwhile, speaking highly of Gagarin's achievement 50 years ago, Fedotov stressed that the purpose of the development and utilization of outer space must be to the benefit of all mankind.The UN official said that relevant UN agencies would provide technical assistance to all countries to develop outer space and ensure the benefits in peaceful purpose.On Dec. 6, 1999, the 55th United Nations General Assembly declared the World Space Week to be held every year during Oct. 4-10.
BEIJING, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- Beijing has seen a declining trend in newly built ordinary apartments in the past 11 months of this year, said a report released by the Beijing Real Estate Association on Friday.That average price of 13,914 yuan (about 2,194.23 U.S. dollars) per square meter from January to November went down 6.3 percent from the yearly average housing price of 14,847 yuan per square meter in 2010, also the target set by the municipal government in attempting to control soaring house prices, said the report.It is expected that the real-estate market in Beijing will maintain the gradually declining trend. And the target of "a stable yearly price with a slight decline" will be smoothly reached, said Chen Zhi, secretary-general of the association.In November, first-time home buyers took up about 90 percent of housing consumers for the ninth month in a row, which means the government's measures to crowd out investing or speculative buying and meet the demands of conventional buyers are working, the report said.This year the government has repeatedly stressed its efforts to contain the runaway property market, through measures including tighter monetary policies, higher down payments, a ban on third-home purchases, price control targets and a trial property tax.
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