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BEIJING, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- After several similar criminal cases led to greatly varying punishments triggering public concerns, Chinese courts are adopting a series of measures to ensure uniform standards for sentencing criminals.On Oct. 1, two documents that instruct judges on uniform procedures for sentence measurements will be put into use in all Chinese courts, which is said to be a "major reform" for the country's legal system regarding criminal prosecution.According to the new procedures, courts should first set up a penalty baseline for a criminal case based upon basic criminal facts. Then additional punishments will be added according to the amount of money involved, the frequency of the defendants' violations, the consequences and other factors. At last, courts will adjust the results considering the case's overall nature and issue a final sentence.The move came after a series of similar drunk driving cases that led to greatly varying punishments.In July 2009, the Intermediate People's Court of Chengdu in southwestern Sichuan Province sentenced a drunk driver named Sun Weiming to death following an auto accident in which he was driving without a license and killed four people. In the second trial, the verdict was changed to life imprisonment.Sun's case was deemed as a crime against public security.However, one month later another drunk driver in central China's Henan Province only received a jail term of six years and six months for killing six and injuring seven people.That case was ruled to be a traffic accident crime."(The reform) is of significant importance for regulating judicial actions, providing uniform standards for law applications, promoting righteous and uncorrupted justice and boosting the authority and credibility of the country's courts," said Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), at a Thursday meeting."The Criminal Law only lays down a very wide range of sentences for certain types of crimes, and thus it is very difficult for prosecutors to give a specific sentence based on that," said SPC vice president Xiong Xuanguo in an exclusive interview with Xinhua Thursday.Xiong noted that different judges, given their different knowledge, manners and experience, will also have varied views on the same case.According to the documents, another major change is to introduce advice on sentence measurements from procuratorate organs, including the types and scopes of punishments and how to implement them.Also, courts are allowed to organize public prosecutors, parties involved, their defenders and legal representatives to offer their own advice on sentencing measurements.With the introduction of sentencing measurement advice from defenders, legal representatives and other parties involved, the new rules were expected to balance judges' considerable powers of discretion, said Professor Chen Weidong with the Renmin University of China.According to the SPC, since June last year more than 120 pilot Chinese courts have already been following the new procedures when prosecuting 45,000 criminal cases in 15 regular categories, including traffic accidents, robbery, theft, and drugs, among others.The trial practice has seen positive results as sentences among cases of similar natures and those in different regions were not as varied as before.The rate of appeals and change of sentences in second trials also dropped in these courts, according to Xiong.Meanwhile, Xiong sought to assure those concerned that the new rules would not excessively limit judges' powers as "the standards for sentence measurements, themselves, were made based on all prosecutors' discretion." < "If the measurement results are not appropriate, judges will still have the right to make certain adjustments," Xiong said, adding that local courts will also set down detailed sentence measures according to the characteristics of their regions."The reform is an inevitable process for China's criminal prosecution to transform from rough estimation to precise, scientific and canonical," Professor Chen said.

BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- Wang Jianping, 63, a healthy retiree from a Beijing-based enterprise, has recently begun searching for nursing homes."When I cannot move, I will live in the old people's home and will not inconvenience my children," Wang said.Her experience of caring for her 89-year-old mother-in-law, who suffers from senile dementia over the past 14 years, prompted her to "search for nursing homes as early as possible," she said.As China marks Seniors Day Saturday, or the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, experts have called for an improvement in the country's services to the aged, especially at a time when the "only child" generation is finding it increasingly difficult to care for four parents (their own and their spouse's parents).The Office of the China National Committee on Ageing said the number of people aged 60 or above stood at 167 million in 2009, or 12.5 percent of the 1.3-billion population.Chen Chuanshu, deputy director of the Office of the China National Committee on Ageing, said the ageing problem not only affected individual families, but was also a major social problem that concerned the national economy and people's livelihoods.Yang Yanan, a 24-year-old postgraduate student at the Department of Sociology of Peking University, said her grandmother was cared for by four children, and the grandmother would live, in turn, in the homes of Yang's parents and her uncles and aunts.Hao Maishou, an expert on the ageing issue at the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences in northern China, said that traditionally, the elderly were taken care of by their sons, financially and socially.After the New China was founded in 1949, a pension and the aged insurance system was established in both urban and rural areas, but since it was far from perfect, most old people continued to be cared for by their own families. Only a few lived in old-age homes, Hao said.But today, most parents of the country's first-generation of children with no siblings, following the government's "one-child" policy, have started realizing that they cannot depend on their children to look after them when they grow old. These parents are mostly in their 50s.Chen said that family-based care was still the main way of caring for the aged in China, and the country was working on improving these policies, financial support and caring services for the elderly.In the recent past, the government has mobilized non-public sectors to serve the aged and encouraged private capital to enter the sectors providing services to this demographic.Towards that end, a project called the "Aiwan (Loving the Old Age) Project" was begun in 2008, covering major Chinese regions with serious ageing problems, using an investment of 10 billion yuan (1.47 billion U.S.dollars). Twenty centers for living, entertainment, cultural activities and rehabilitation were to be built in these regions in five to eight years.Hao of the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences said that after 2030, caring for the aged in China would be jointly shouldered by families and the society, as a large number of elderly people will also have to care for their own aging parents."The country will expand the coverage of social security to the entire population," he said.

BEIJING, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Senior Communist Party of China (CPC) leader Zhou Yongkang said here Monday the Chinese government hopes to increase security and law enforcement cooperation with Cuba."We should work together to jointly safeguard the two nations' security and interests," Zhou, Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said when meeting with Cuban Interior Minister Abelardo Colome Ibarra.Hailing the traditional friendship between China and Cuba, Zhou spoke highly of Cuba's efforts to cope with the international financial crisis and natural disasters.He also applauded Cuba's achievements in social and economic progress.Colome, also vice president of the Council of State of Cuba, said he was encouraged by China's achievements and his country will firmly support China in issues concerning its core interests.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said China is strengthening protection of intellectual property rights and making efforts to create a good investment environment for foreign companies.Li made the remarks when meeting with Chairman of Microsoft Corporation Bill Gates in Beijing on Monday.He said China is speeding up the transformation of its economic development pattern and endeavoring to upgrade the quality and efficiency of its economic growth.The Chinese government attaches importance to the role of information technology in altering traditional industries and improving people's lives, he said.With nearly 400 million internet users, China is the world's biggest information products market, the vice premier said.He also said he believes Microsoft and other relevant foreign companies have bright prospects in China.Bill Gates said Microsoft and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation will further strengthen cooperation and exchange with Chinese companies and organizations.

BEIJING, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- A senior official with the China Chamber of International Commerce (CCIC) said Wednesday the United States has launched the wrong probe at the wrong time into the policies and practices by China in its green technology sector, as now is the "best time" for bilateral cooperation in the sector.The denunciation of the 301 probe by Lin Shunjie, CCIC deputy secretary general, came after the U.S. government decided to initiate an investigation on Oct. 15 into China's policies and practices in the clean energy industry, acting upon a petition filed in September by the United Steelworkers union.The union claimed the massive subsidies and discriminatory policies by China were shutting U.S. businesses out of China's renewable energy market and causing job losses in the United States. These charges come amidst worries that U.S. protectionist measures against its trade partners might be on the rise due to its sluggish economic recovery.However, Lin Shunjie said government subsidies in the United States to protect its clean energy industry were more extensive than those in China, adding the United States should reevaluate its subsidy policies and to especially benefit small and medium-sized companies.Further, Lin suggested the U.S. government increase the channels of financing for these small-scale companies in order to improve their competence in trade, rather than accuse other countries."The competence of small and medium-sized renewable energy companies in the United States is far behind those in Europe, Japan, and even Australia," said Lin, "while the Chinese market is open and is willing to import more products from overseas."Lin added that China had a trade platform for imported goods exhibitions in Shanghai, but so far very few U.S. companies have reached deals. "The U.S. government has not done enough in helping its enterprises increase their exports."The next five to 10 years would be the period when China and the United States see technology transfers and heightened inter-dependence of markets, Lin said while attending a conference held in Beijing on Wednesday.