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SYDNEY, Aug. 5 (Xinhua) -- The Western Australian Government announced on Friday that 14 new substances linked to the manufacture of the synthetic drug Kronic would be banned from Friday midnight.The State Mental Health Minister Helen Morton told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Radio on Friday morning that two substances found in Kronic Black would be banned from midnight tonight (Friday night), as well as another 12 others found in synthetic cannabis products.People caught in possession of banned synthetic cannabis face hefty fines or possible jail sentences.The government of Western Australia (WA) in June listed a number of synthetic cannabis products, including Kronic, Voodoo and Mango Kush, as illegal substances.But synthetic drug makers have since released a new product, Kronic Black Label, using a different blend of chemicals they say make it still legal to sell.Police suspect the death of a 38-year-old Perth man is linked to his smoking of the synthetic cannabis product Kronic Black Label, which contains two of the 14 substances to be banned.The man, from Hillman in Perth's south, was rushed to Rockingham Hospital on Thursday night after suffering a suspected cardiac arrest, but he later died.Police now are conducting an investigation to identify the cause of the man's death.The Australian Medical Association has warned that synthetic drugs could cause severe paranoia, anxiety and panic attacks.

JOHANNESBURG, June 1 (Xinhua) -- An estimated 2 million adolescents ages 10 to 19 are living with HIV, with 86 percent of them from sub-Saharan Africa, according to a global report on HIV prevention launched in Johannesburg on Wednesday.For the first time, the world gets to see the number of adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19 living with HIV in the report named Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood.The report is a jointly publication by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), UNAIDS, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the International Labor Organization (ILO) , the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank.According to the report, people aged 15-24 accounted for 41 percent of new infections over the age of 15 in 2009. Worldwide, an estimated 5 million young people in that age group were living with HIV in 2009. Most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, young women make up more than 60 percent of all young people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa that rate jumped to 72 percent.Despite these challenges, the report acknowledges that some progress has been made in preventing new infections among young people."In many high-burden countries, HIV prevalence and incidence have declined among young people. While in 2001 there were 5.7 million young people living with HIV, the figure stands at 5 million (in 2009)," said the UNICEF eastern and southern Africa regional director, Elhadj As Sy, at the media briefing.He pointed that sexual transmission and injection drug use remain the major modes of transmission of HIV among young people. Early sexual debut, early pregnancy and early experiences with drug use all raise risks for HIV infection.The report reveals that unemployment and poverty are reported as the main reasons young people enter the sex trade. Worldwide, many young people driven by economic pressure, exploitation, social exclusion and lack of family support turn to commercial sex and injecting drug use.In 2001, the world made a commitment to reduce the prevalence of HIV among young people by 25 percent by 2010. The actual reduction achieved (from 5.7 million to 5 million) is 12 percent, and it represents less than half the target percentage."To avoid the current programming failures, we have to adopt a ' Continuum of Prevention Approach'." said Lina Mousa, deputy director of UNFPA Africa Regional Office."This continuum of prevention must be reflected in national HIV strategic plans, poverty reduction strategies and global fund proposals. This response must be developed with and for young people so that they own the response together with their communities," she added.To build this continuum of prevention for adolescents and young people, the reports outlined nine specific recommendations including providing young people with information and comprehensive sexuality education, strengthening child protection and social protection measures, engaging communities in shaping a positive social environment that promotes healthy behavior, establishing laws and policies that respect young people's rights.

SYDNEY, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Australia's general practitioners ( GPs) will not back the idea of routine prostate cancer tests for men as young as 40 despite growing calls for regular screening, the nation's largest professional general practice organization said on Tuesday.Spokesman for the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), Professor Chris Del Mar said there was not enough solid evidence to suggest major benefits from routine screening and that current tests were unable to detect "nasty" and potentially deadly forms of prostate cancer from ones that will not cause any harm."The problem is you end up treating lots of people who don't need to be treated," Del Mar said, adding that treatment could leave men impotent and with incontinence problems."You will treat 20 times as many people than would have ever been bothered by it. We don't yet know that treating prostate cancer is better than not treating it. We are not sure it does any good and could be doing more harm," he said.On the other hand, Australia's urologists and pathologists both want men aged 40 and over who are worried about developing the disease to be offered tests.The Royal College of Pathologists (RCPA) on Tuesday released an official recommendation on routine screening for men aged 40 and over if they were concerned about prostate cancer.The pathologists argue that blood tests for prostate cancer in men under 50 can predict their future risk of developing the disease by measuring their prostate specific antigen levels (PSA).They say that men with high PSA levels for their age should be tested annually, while those PSA levels are below the average could be tested less frequently.Their call for more routine testing contrasts with recommendations for GPs, whose `Red Book' medical guide does not support regular screening.Instead, it suggests GPs should inform men aged 50-70 of the risks and benefits of screening and only test if the patient requests one.RACGP spokesman Del Mar, who co-wrote the RACGP's recommendations, said while the Red Book was being revised "we are not going to liberalize it".Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in Australia.About 20,000 cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed each year, with 3,300 men dying.Given the debate around prostate cancer tests, the Royal College of Pathologists wants to work with GPs, urologists and other medical organizations to develop a consensus on how and when to test for the disease, in a similar way to how experts approach breast cancer."It would be a good outcome for prostate cancer if we worked towards developing more of an umbrella document which reflected consensus among different stakeholder organizations. ," RCPA President Paul McKenzie said.

BEIJING, August 1 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. researchers have discovered a genetic mutation unique to African Americans that links to heighten their asthma risk, according to reports published on Sunday in the journal Nature Genetics.Researchers of University of Chicago found a gene, PYHIN1, and its variations may account for asthma risk in people of African descent. In their study, they examined data from nine previous genome-wide association studies, totaling more than 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3,246 asthma patients and 3,385 control patient, 1,702 patient-parent groupings, 355 family-based cases, and 468 family-based controls.In the study, the researchers found that between 26 percent and 29 percent of people of African-descent carried at least one copy of the gene.  In particular, one polymorphism of the gene was 34 percent more likely found in African-American and Afro-Caribbean people with asthma.  More interestingly, this variant of the gene is rarely found in Caucasian people and in Latino population, it was found in less than 5 percent.This new variant is part of a family of genes linked with the body's response to viral infections. It is thought to be involved in interferon signaling, which could influence the occurrence of asthma.The team stressed that each gene variant on its own plays only a small role in increasing asthma risk, but that risk could be multiplied when combined with other risk genes and with environmental factors.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have found two gene mutations occurring in oligodendrogliomas, the second-most common form of brain cancer, according to a study to be published Friday in journal Science.For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in oligodendrogliomas evolvement. Scientists know the two chromosomes held the probable mutations, but the particular gene information remains unclear.Now scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University have discovered the most likely genetic mutations that researchers have been hunting for on chromosomes 1 and 19.The genes they identified, CIC or FUBP1, are tumor suppressor genes. The cancer-related pathways that involve these genes could become targets for future treatments, said Hai Yan, a Duke associate professor of pathology and co-corresponding author of the study.The researchers found CIC on chromosome 19 and FUBP1 on chromosome 1 based on an initial study of seven oligodendrogliomas. They found six mutations and two mutations, respectively, in the seven tumors. Further study of 27 more of these tumors showed that there were 12 and three mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively. The two genes were rarely mutated in other types of cancers, indicating that they are oligodendroglioma-specific genes.These genes were difficult to find until the technology improved, said Yan."The team used whole genome sequencing technology so that no genes would be excluded, and we found to our surprise that one gene, on chromosome 19, was mutated in six out of the seven initial tumor specimens we sequenced," Yan said. "A mutation frequency of 85 percent is very high."The finding of two additional new genes involved in oligodendrogliomas increases the chances for an effective combination drug therapy for the tumor, Yan said. He envisions a combination cocktail of drugs similar to the combination-drug treatments taken by HIV patients that would target different pathways involved in cancer, and assist both in reducing the chance of relapsing and increasing odds of success.