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WASHINGTON, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Space shuttle Atlantis will soar into the sky Friday on NASA's 135th and final flight. Its scheduled return to Earth later this month will mark the end of NASA's 30-year space program.Since its onset with the launch of space shuttle Columbia, the program has been seen as a cheap, safe and reliable way for space exploration.Despite its great contributions to U.S. manned space flight, it has also left some grave and tragic lessons, making its termination inevitable.HIKING COSTSLaunched in 1972 by then President Richard Nixon, the shuttle program aimed to provide a new system of affordable space travel and proved to be NASA's most enduring project in its 50 years of existence.In 1981, shuttle Columbia made its first shuttle flight for two days. It was the ultimate hybrid and the first reusable spacecraft.Launched like a rocket and gliding back to Earth like an airplane, space shuttles not only can act as a space taxi to carry astronauts, but have the muscle of a long-distance trucker to haul heavy machinery.The spaceship boasts more than 3,500 subsystems and 2.5 million parts and is nine times faster than a speeding bullet as it climbs heavenward. That versatility, however, has translated into higher costs.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.In an article in Technology Review, John Logsdon, former head of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, drew a direct connection between the ravenous shuttle budget and the lack of other large advances in manned space flight."By operating the system for 30 years, with its high costs and high risk, rather than replacing it with a less expensive, less risky second-generation system, NASA compounded the original mistake of developing the most ambitious version of the vehicle," he wrote."The shuttle's cost has been an obstacle to NASA starting other major projects," he added.HIGH RISKIn terms of safety, the shuttles have never been as reliable as their designers had envisioned.On average, one out of every 67 flights ended up with fatal accidents. Based on the rate of deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.Seven astronauts onboard died when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the tragic blast, a new catastrophe descended when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003, killing another seven spacemen.Again, the shuttle program was shelved for more than two years as NASA stepped up efforts to make it safer. But experts say the fundamental problem related to shuttles' safety cannot be solved due to their "birth defects.""It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible," concluded the panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident.

HAVANA, Aug. 15 (Xinhua) -- Cuba's Ministry of Public Health launched an intensive sanitation campaign Monday against the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which can spread dengue fever.The operation, which is running through Sept. 15, will cover the most vulnerable cities in the country, including the capital Havana and the eastern city Guantanamo.Deputy Health Minister Luis Estruch stressed the importance of the prevention campaign and urged all families to check their houses for mosquitoes each week.Maria Guadalupe Guzman, director of the Pan-American and World Health Organization Cooperation Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector at the Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, said the epidemiological situation in the country is stable. However, she warned that an epidemic outbreak is still possible in the island state, given the high temperatures and heavy rains in the eastern areas, and drought in the west.Cuba, along with Chile and Uruguay, are the only Latin American countries where dengue is not endemic.In 1981, the country suffered its worst dengue outbreak in history, which left 158 dead.

HAVANA, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- Cuban medical authorities have launched the sales of the world's first therapeutic vaccine against lung cancer, local officials said on Tuesday.The CimaVax-EGF vaccine, as a result of a 25-year research into diseases related to tobacco smoking, has been developed by researchers and scientists at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana.The active drug ingredient in the vaccine is based on "a protein we all have when cancer is uncontrolled." "The epidermal growth factor is related to all cell proliferation," said Gisela Gonzalez, head researcher of the project."The drug could turn the cancer into a manageable, chronic disease by generating antibodies against the proteins which triggered the uncontrolled cell proliferation," she said.The immunogenic vaccine is appropriate to patients with advanced lung cancer in stages of three and four, showing no positive response to other kinds of treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the expert said."It is not possible to prevent the disease but this vaccine improves significantly the status of the critically ill patients," she added.She said the CimaVax-EGF has gone through clinical studies and trials in over 1,000 patients across the island and is currently distributed free of charge in all hospitals of the Caribbean island nation.Gonzalez also said researchers at the CIM planned to use the same principle of the CimaVax-EGF in treating other cancerous tumors such as prostate, uterus and breast cancers.Lung cancer is regarded as one of the world's most serious, common and deadly cancers and is most frequently found among tobacco smokers.According to the World Health Organization, the disease generally kills 5 million people a year, and the figure is expected to rise to as much as 8 million by 2030 unless smoking habits are changed.In Cuba, like many other developing countries across the world, smoking is seen as a status symbol. Lung cancer, killing about 20,000 people a year in the Caribbean country, is considered a serious threat to public health and the leading cause of death in 12 of the country's 15 provinces.

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Seven of the 20 top selling American prescription drugs will lose their patents by the end of next year, making way for less expensive generic versions, according to media reports.It's a shift that could save consumers billions of dollars -- assuming those big-ticket medications are willing to give up a trusted brand name for an off-label replacement.The prices of medications such as cholesterol-fighting Lipitor and blood thinner Plavix are expected to go down significantly, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Lipitor will lose its patent in November. When that patent expires, people are advised to buy atorvastatin, the generic equivalent. Other brand names include the anti-psychotic Zyprexa and the rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis drug Enbrel, of which the patent will expire in October and October of next year, respectively.Over the next 10 years, an estimated 120 more brand-name prescription drugs will lose their patents in the U.S.

BEIJING, July 27 (Xinhuanet) -- Amazon.com’s e-book reader Kindle 3G with special offers is now the company’s top-selling e-book device, according to media reports on Wednesday.Amazon revealed in its quarterly earnings report that the ad-supported version costs 139 U.S. dollars,  50 dollars cheaper than the comparable Kindle 3G, and costs the same as a Kindle with Wi-Fi connectivity. Many believe Kindle is the most popular dedicated e-book device on the market today.The advertisements will appear only in screensavers (which appear when the reader is in an idle state) and at the bottom of the home screen, so they don’t interrupt readers.“Since AT&T agreed to sponsor screensavers, Kindle 3G with Special Offers is now our bestselling Kindle device,” Amazon’s press release said.Having zoomed past the earlier Sony Reader, and kicked off a wave of competition including the Barnes & Noble Nook and the Kobo E-Reader, Kindle is believed the most popular dedicated e-book device on the market today.

来源：资阳报