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BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

BEIJING, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- Foreign-funded enterprises in China exported 494.4 billion U.S. dollars worth of machinery, electrical and electronic products in 2009.A document posted on the website of the General Administration of Customs (GAC) said the figure made up 69.3 percent of the country's total exports of such products in the past year.Exports of machinery, electrical and electronic products by privately-owned enterprises totalled 106.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, down 8.7 percent from a year earlier, according to the document.State-owned enterprises only exported 92.1 billion U.S. dollars worth of machinery, electrical and electronic products, accounting for 12.9 percent of the country's total machinery, electrical and electronic products last year.The GAC document also said the majority of the country's exports of machinery, electrical and electronic products fell into the category of processing and assembling trade.China's exports of machinery, electrical and electronic products in the category of processing and assembling trade totalled 466.4 billion U.S. dollars last year, making up 65.4 percent of the country's total exports of such products.The country exported 713.1 billion U.S. dollars worth of machinery, electrical and electronic products last year, down 13.4 percent year-on-year. The exports contributed 59.3 percent to China's total exports in 2009.The European Union (EU), the United States of America and Hong Kong were the three major destinations for the China mainland's exports of machinery, electrical and electronic products last year.China exported 1.2 trillion U.S. dollars worth of products last year, down 16 percent from 2008, replacing Germany as the world's largest exporter.

BEIJING, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- China has seen progress in the development of the law profession as it strives to build a country based on the rule of law.According to the Ministry of Justice, the country had more than 15,000 law firms, more than 166,000 lawyers, and more than 220,000 people working in the sector at the end of 2009.By Oct. 2009, foreign law firms from 21 countries had set up 224 representatives offices in China, while law firms from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region had set up 65 offices on the mainland, the ministry said.Sixteen lawyers are deputies in the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, and 22 lawyers are members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the nation's top political advisory body.Last year, the country's lawyers handled nearly 2 million lawsuits, and dealt with more than 534,000 non-litigious legal matters, plus more than 184,000 cases of legal aid.Statistics show in 2008, lawyers billed their clients 30.9 billion yuan (4.54 billion U.S. dollars) and paid more than 4 billion yuan in taxes.No corresponding figures for the year of 2009 are available.

DAR ES SALAAM, March 17 (Xinhua) -- "China is not throwing its weight amid China-Africa cooperation, though China's influence is getting stronger as an emerging power," a senior Tanzanian media official said here on Wednesday.Mkumbwa Ally, Deputy Managing Editor of Tanzania Standard Newspapers which published the official Daily News and Sunday News among others, made the remarks in an exclusive interview with Xinhua."The cooperation between China and Africa including Tanzania is based on mutual-benefit, that's not the 'Power matters the most' policy by some western countries but the way to cooperate with others," Ally said.China's assistance to African countries has no strings-attached, which was preferred by African countries, the senior Tanzanian media official said, mentioning the assistance from China to build the Tanzania-Zambia Railway in the 1970s."The big project of Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) railway was implemented with China's assistance, which helped the two African countries, especially the land-locked Zambia a lot in development and once was the main model of transportation in Tanzania," Ally noted.He added that China's assistance to Africa was brotherly based and the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on Nov. 8-9 and committed to enhance China-Africa cooperation with "people-centered" development, that is "development must look at people's needs".Besides assistance, China-African cooperation is also growing in business sectors, for example, Chinese construction companies built many projects in African countries with the same quality but lower costs, which is good for Africa, meaning that the African government can spend less for the same quality, the senior Tanzanian media official noted."Economists saw China as an emerging power, which has a lot of room for growth. This is evident, and statistics showed that," Ally said.As developing countries, African countries sympathize with China because there are many similarities between the two sides faced with the problem of environment and pollution amid development, according to Ally."China presented proactive initiative at UN climate change conference in Copenhagen in December 2009 and helped a lot to find common grounds among all sides to put forward practical measures," he noted.He stressed that climate change is an issue which needs every country to take measures to reduce pollution as "a very important step to start".He also reiterated that African countries respected China's sovereignty with adherence to "no interference with internal affairs".The senior Tanzanian media official also suggested Chinese media provide more information about what China is doing and the real intention of China to correct the negative image imposed by some Western media on China.

BEIJING, March 2 (Xinhua) -- A senior public security official of China on Tuesday urged relevant departments and local authorities to do a good job in ensuring security and maintaining stability as the annual national parliamentary and advisory sessions approach.All local authorities and relevant departments should make further efforts to ensure the meetings of the National People's Congress (NPC) and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) go on safely and smoothly, Yang Huanning, administrative vice minister of public security, said at a national teleconference."The task of ensuring security and maintaining stability during the two sessions remains onerous" despite previous efforts in this regard, said Yang."We should keep clear-minded and never lower our guard," Yang warned.He urged local officials to do more work in dissolving social conflicts and try to root up troubles that may disturb stability.The vice minister also ordered to minimize the inconvenience that security measures might cause to people's life and work.Incidents that might disturb social stability and threaten security should be handled properly and strictly according to the law, Yang warned.Huang Ming, vice minister of public security, demanded at the same meeting emergencies and breaking events be dealt with promptly and properly.The annual full session of the CPPCC National Committee, the top advisory body, is slated to open Wednesday afternoon, while that of the NPC, the national legislature, is scheduled to open Friday.