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Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648
Canada legalized recreational pot this week and its dispensaries weren't the only ones with a business plan. A Girl Scouts Brownie -- and budding entrepreneur -- knew exactly where her best sales would come from.Elina Childs, 9, stood outside an Edmonton dispensary Wednesday and sold all her cookies to those enduring 4-hour lines during the country's first day of legal marijuana sales.In the past, Elina has sold her cookies door-to-door and that took weeks, her dad said."Last year, she got bit by a dog, it wasn't bad but we were still apprehensive," dad Sean Childs told CNN."While driving, we saw how long the lines were at the dispensary, and we just stopped to sell the cookies there."Elina sold out her stock in just 45 minutes, making a total of 0 (US )."She didn't quite understand what the big deal was," Childs said. "She was just selling cookies in her mind, but everyone was so happy to see her, and kept congratulating her."Weed has been legal only since Wednesday and Elina isn't the only one who cashed in on the munchies.The marijuana demand has been so high that several licensed cannabis retailers around the country have completely run out of pot,?reported CNN partner CBC. 1216

SAN DIEGO (CNS) - Strong and gusty Santa Ana winds, low humidity and high temperatures will persist Friday, with a red flag warning denoting a strong risk of wildfire in effect for the San Diego County mountains and valleys.The National Weather Service issued a red flag warning that went into effect at 10 a.m. Thursday in the county mountains and valleys and lasts until 10 p.m. Friday. The NWS also issued a high wind warning for the county mountains and valleys that remains in effect until 6 p.m. Friday.Along with low humidity levels, the strong Santa Ana winds blowing north to northeast are to blame for the fire danger, with winds of 20 to 30 mph in the forecast and gusts near 55 mph possible near the top of the county mountains, according to the NWS. Humidity was expected to drop to 3-8 percent Friday.Fuels are very dry and fires will grow rapidly and be difficult to control upon ignition, according to the Santa Ana Wildfire Threat Index.Warm seasonal temperatures were also expected to add to the potential fire danger. High temperatures Friday will be 81 to 86 degrees in the western valleys, 73 to 78 near the foothills and 60 to 69 in the mountains, NWS forecasters said.With the heightened fire danger, authorities recommended that residents avoid outdoor burning and have emergency preparedness kits in order."An emergency can happen at any time," a forecaster said in a statement on the Santa Ana Wildfire Threat Index Website. "Clean debris away from your house. Charge your cell phone and make sure you have plenty of gas."Low humidity with poor overnight recovery will continue through at least the middle of next week and another round of gusty Santa Ana winds is expected Sunday and Monday, NWS forecasters said. 1754
IMPERIAL BEACH, Calif. (KGTV) - A plan to build hotel rooms and apartments in Imperial Beach is one step closer to happening. The Design Review Board unanimously decided to move the plan to city council Thursday. The development is planned for an empty lot on 550 Highway 75. It will be a four-story development with 51 hotel rooms and 47 apartments. Developers say there’s a need for hotel rooms in the area. “There are less than a hundred units of hotel rooms in IB now,” said David Brienza, the developer with the Blue Wave Project, “IB needs a hotel community.” People living in the area raised concerns about impacts to the area, like noise and traffic. The design review board asked developers for look for ways to mitigate those concerns. If the plan gets the city council’s approval, developers say they could start construction by mid to late summer. 875
(AP) -- The American Medical Association on Tuesday called for an immediate ban on all electronic cigarettes and vaping devices.The group adopted the sweeping stance at a policy-making meeting in San Diego. It aims to lobby for state and federal laws, regulations or legal action to achieve a ban, but the industry is sure to fight back.The AMA cited a surge in underage teen use of e-cigarettes, which typically heat a solution that contains nicotine.“It’s simple, we must keep nicotine products out of the hands of young people.” Dr. Patrice Harris, AMA’s president, said in a statement.RELATED: DEA says marijuana vaping has health risksThe doctors’ group said a separate health issue also prompted its action — the recent U.S. outbreak of lung illnesses linked to vaping. Most of those sickened said they vaped THC, the high-inducing ingredient in marijuana, not nicotine. Officials believe a thickening agent used in black market THC vaping products may be a culprit.The outbreak has “shined a light on the fact that we have very little evidence about the short- and long-term health consequences of e-cigarettes and vaping products,” Harris said. About 2,100 people have gotten sick; 42 have died.The AMA has previously sought bans on e-cigarette flavors and ads.Some observers say the AMA’s position is flawed and has little chance of achieving a sweeping ban.“I would be 100% with the AMA if they were seeking a ban on all tobacco products that are smoked, including e-cigarettes,” said Jonathan Foulds, a tobacco addiction specialist at Penn State University. “But right now, nicotine electronic cigarettes are competing with and replacing the most harmful legal product in this country.”RELATED: 11 San Diego illnesses linked to vaping, officials sayGregory Conley, president of the American Vaping Association, a pro-vaping advocacy group, said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has made clear that its focus “is not store-bought nicotine vaping products, but illicit contaminated THC oil cartridges sold by drug dealers.”“It would be a mistake for adult smokers and their families to listen to these misguided prohibitionists, as the evidence continues to indicate that adult smokers who switch to nicotine vaping products greatly improve their health," Conley said.The AMA policy calls for a ban of vaping products not approved to help people quit. But so far, none have been reviewed or approved for that use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Stephanie Caccomo, an FDA press officer, said the agency is “committed to doing everything we can to prevent kids from using tobacco products and will continue to develop a policy approach that aligns with that concern.”Juul Labs, the nation’s biggest e-cigarette maker, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.RELATED: Los Angeles County reports 1st vaping-related death as CDC issues e-cigarette warningE-cigarettes first appeared in the U.S. more than a decade ago and have grown in popularity despite little research on their long-term effects. The FDA has been widely criticized for repeatedly pushing back its own deadline to begin reviewing thousands of vaping products on the market, at one point until 2022. The deadline is now next May.___AP writer Matthew Perrone in Washington contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3505
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