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BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- China's anti-graft chief He Guoqiang on Tuesday urged discipline and supervision authorities to press ahead with the building of a clean government and strengthened efforts in corruption prevention.     He, secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China (CPC), said in a meeting that efforts should be made to handle people's complaints and embrace innovation in the establishment of anti-corruption mechanism.     He asked discipline and supervision authorities to combat extravagance, intensify crackdown on the practice of "small coffer", which refers to fund, securities and assets that should be but fail to be listed into the account books of CPC and government organizations in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.     He also called for authorities to make public Party affairs, especially at grassroots organizations, and investigate and prosecute corruption cases.     Efforts should be made to expand channels for the general public to be involved in anti-corruption endeavor, said He, who is a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States underlined that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and agreed to hold the next round of human rights dialogue in Washington by the end of February 2010, said the China-U.S. joint statement issued Tuesday.     According to the statement, the Chinese and U.S. sides agreed that all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model.     "Both sides recognized that China and the United States have differences on the issue of human rights," said the statement, "Addressing these differences in the spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international human rights instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the official human rights dialogue in Washington D.C. by the end of February 2010."     The two sides agreed that promoting cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law serves the interests and needs of the citizens and governments of both countries, and decided to convene the China-U.S. Legal Experts Dialogue at an early date.

BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- Vice Premier Li Keqiang Thursday underscored the development of energy-saving industries and pushing for advancement in optimization of energy structure to ensure the country's energy supply and safety.     Li made the remarks while visiting the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, one of the country's major ship manufacturers. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (front C) views a wind generating machine during his visit to China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, one of the country's major ship manufacturers, Jan. 6, 2010. Li Keqiang Thursday underscored the development of energy-saving industries and pushing for advancement in optimization of energy structure to ensure the country's energy supply and safetyHe also stressed the importance of improving energy technology and energy equipment development, and called for efforts to step up transfer of economic development mode to maintain stable and relatively fast economic growth.     Li said a country's energy safety and development depend on advanced technologies and equipment. "We should step up innovation and grab the commanding height in energy development and international competition."     Li praised achievements in energy field that China has made in the past years, urging efforts to further upgrade energy consumption structure, and to develop renewable and clean energy, and establish a stable, safe and clean energy supply system. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (C) speaks at a meeting during his visit to China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, one of the country's major ship manufacturers, Jan. 6, 2010.He also stressed the policy support to energy development and called for wide application of energy-saving technologies and products, as well as expanding energy technology consultations to foster new economic growth area.     He also urged efforts to ensure energy supply to meet people's needs and production demand for coal, gas, and oil in cold weather.     On Wednesday, China established the first batch of national energy development and research centers. The 16 centers will research and study technologies of nuclear power equipment, wind power, and smart grid, among others.     Zhang Guobao, head of the National Administration of Energy, said these research centers play important role in establishing the country's energy technology system, and meeting China's demand to upgrade energy consumption structure.

BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States singed a joint statement here Tuesday after talks between Chinese President Hu Jintao and his U.S. counterpart Barack Obama, agreeing that "the transition to a green and low-carbon economy is essential."     Both China and the United States believed the clean energy industry will provide vast opportunities for citizens of both countries in the years ahead, said the statement signed during Obama' s first visit to China since taking office in January.     According to the statement, the two sides welcomed significant steps forward to advance policy dialogue and practical cooperation on climate change, energy and the environment, building on the China-U.S. Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment announced at the first round of China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogues in July and formally signed during Obama' s visit.     The statement said both sides recognized the importance of the Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) and are committed to strengthening cooperation in promoting clean air, water, transportation, electricity, and resources conservation.     Through a new China-U.S. Energy Efficiency Action Plan under the TYF, both countries "will work together to achieve cost-effective energy efficiency improvement in industry, buildings and consumer products through technical cooperation, demonstration and policy exchanges," said the statement.     Noting both countries' significant investment in energy efficiency, the two Presidents underscored the enormous opportunities to create jobs and enhance economic growth brought by energy savings.     The two countries welcomed the signing of the Protocol Between the Ministry of Science and Technology, National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China and the Department of Energy of the United States of America on a Clean Energy Research Center, according to the document.     The Center will facilitate joint research and development on clean energy by scientists and engineers from both countries. It will have one headquarters in each country, with public and private funding of at least 150 million U.S. dollars over five years split evenly between the two countries. Priority topics to be addressed will include energy efficiency in buildings, clean coal (including carbon capture and sequestration), and clean vehicles.     The two sides welcomed the launch of China-U.S. Electric Vehicles Initiative designed to put millions of electric vehicles on the roads of both countries in the years ahead, the statement said.     Building on significant investments in electric vehicles in both the United States and China, the two governments announced a program of joint demonstration projects in more than a dozen cities, along with work to develop common technical standards to facilitate rapid scale-up of the industry, the statement said, adding that the two sides agreed that their countries share a strong common interest in the rapid deployment of clean vehicles.     About 21st century coal technologies, the two countries agreed to promote cooperation on large-scale carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) demonstrations projects and begin work immediately on the development, deployment, diffusion and transfer of CCS technology. The two sides welcomed recent agreements between Chinese and U.S. companies, universities and research institutions to cooperate on CCS and more efficient coal technologies.     With regard to joint efforts on tackling the climate change, the two sides welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the National Development and Reform Commission of China and Environmental Protection Agency of the United States to Build Capacity to Address Climate Change.     The statement said the two sides welcomed the launch of a China-U.S. Renewable Energy Partnership, through which the two countries will chart a pathway to wide-scale deployment of wind, solar, advanced bio-fuels and a modern electric power grid in both countries and cooperate in designing and implementing the policy and technical tools necessary to make that vision possible.     Shared confidence on the bilateral cooperation in this field was expressed by the statement, which said that given the combined market size of the two countries, accelerated deployment of renewable energy in China and the United States can significantly reduce the cost of these technologies globally.     On the promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the two sides agreed to consult with one another in order to explore such approaches--including assurance of fuel supply and cradle-to-grave nuclear fuel management so that countries can access peaceful nuclear power while minimizing the risks of proliferation. 

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