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The spread of COVID-19 is tough to trace and even tougher to predict, but researchers at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University created an early warning system to help protect you from the virusMathematics professor Po-Shen Loh developed an app called NOVID, a contact-tracing app, to help communities see the virus coming before they get infected.On top of creating a brand new app, Loh teaches math to middle-school students online from his own office-turned-broadcast studio. He’s also the national coach for the United States Math Olympiad team that competes around the world.But when the pandemic hit, Loh wanted to take on one more project. “I like things that are supposed to be impossible, that can’t be done,” said Loh. Stopping the spread of the coronavirus seemed to fit the bill.“The problem with COVID is it spreads before you know you have it, that’s what makes COVID different," Loh said. "The only way you can control this disease is in helping people to know whether or not COVID is coming close to them in advance."That’s where the NOVID app can help, said Loh. “Shows the virus coming towards you based on your relationship network, so that you can protect yourselves from others before you actually get infected," Loh explained of the app. "This is in contrast to most other contact tracing apps that are designed to protect others from you."The app shows you positive cases in degrees of separation. A positive case in the first degree would be someone you live with. The second degree could be your coworker or a friend. The third degree would be that person’s spouse or child. Each degree of separation is a possible pathway for you to come in contact with COVID-19.“This thing shows you the virus coming towards you, kind of like a hurricane satellite shows you a hurricane coming towards you,” said Loh.In addition to showing you cases as they pop up around you, the app can track the distance between phones down to the inch.It uses both Bluetooth and ultrasound waves to give you that measurement to make sure you’re safely social distancing.“We don’t know of any other contact-tracing app in the entire world which will tell you, ‘here’s how far away we think the device was,’” said Loh.The safety of your personal information is one of the most important features of this app. It collects data, while you stay completely anonymous.“Many people are distrustful of an app that does contact tracing,” said Loh. “We never ask for your phone number or email."Those who are positive can self-report their case in the app. Loh is also working with cities and counties to integrate NOVID into health departments across the country. He said the health departments would issue a ticket with a number to each person who tests positive for the virus.That person would enter the number into their NOVID app, anonymously reporting the positive case in the community.“If this thing actually caught on, you’d see in all the cities and towns, whether it’s rural or urban, whenever COVID starts to rise up, you’d start to see everyone take caution. Not because anyone forced them to, but because they saw this is what would be useful,” said Loh.To create the powerful community resource Loh is hoping for, he said more people need to know about the app.“Right now, we only respond when the intensive care units are full, and then it’s too late, and people die on the sidewalk. But, what we wish would happen, is that people could see it coming, and then, everyone starts to be careful at the right time. With more traction, we can save more lives,” he said.Loh is hoping he can not only help save lives but help bring back life as we knew it.“The goal of what we’re trying to do is to give people headlights to drive in the dark. Our app is not designed to let other people control you; our app is designed to help you control your life,” said Loh.For more information on NOVID or to download it, click HERE. 3928

The U.S. Postal Service agreed Wednesday to reverse changes that slowed mail service nationwide, settling a lawsuit filed by Montana Gov. Steve Bullock during a pandemic that is expected to force many more people to vote by mail.The lawsuit filed against Postmaster General Louis DeJoy and the U.S. Postal Service on Sept. 9 argued changes implemented in June harmed access to mail services in Montana, resulting in delayed delivery of medical prescriptions, payments, and job applications, and impeding the ability of Montana residents to vote by mail.The postal service agreed to reverse all changes, which included reduced retail hours, removal of collection boxes and mail sorting machines, closure or consolidation of mail processing facilities, restriction of late or extra trips for timely mail delivery, and banning or restricting overtime.The agreement also requires the Postal Service to prioritize election mail.The settlement agreement was reached a day ahead of a hearing in the U.S. District Court in Great Falls. It applies to all states.“Montanans never gave up this fight and as a result, we are ensuring stability through and beyond the election by immediately restoring the mail services folks rely on, whether it’s receiving vital medication or ensuring they can pay their bills on time,” Bullock said in a statement.A spokesperson for the U.S. Postal Service did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.Many more voters are expected to vote by mail this November to limit the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of Montana counties are holding elections by mail, after a directive by Bullock permitted them to do so to limit the spread of the coronavirus. Bullock is running for a seat in the U.S. Senate.The agreement comes after a federal judge temporarily blocked the controversial Postal Service changes on Sept. 17, calling the changes “a politically motivated attack on the efficiency of the Postal Service” before the November election.Judge Stanley Bastian in Yakima, Washington, issued the nationwide preliminary injunction sought by 14 states that brought forward a separate suit against the Trump administration and the U.S. Postal Service. The 14 states, led by Democratic attorneys general, expressed concern that delays might result in voters not receiving ballots or registration forms in time.Following a national uproar last month, DeJoy, a major donor to President Donald Trump and the GOP, announced he was suspending some of the changes, including the removal of mail collection boxes, but other changes remained in place.___This story has been corrected to accurately spell the name of Louis DeJoy.___Samuels is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. 2906

The United States’ Gross Domestic Product is expected to have a modest comeback in 2021 while unemployment will be slower to recover for years to come, according to a government projection from the Congressional Budget Office.The nonpartisan government agency that provides policy guidance for members of Congress said that unemployment is projected to remain above pre-pandemic levels through 2030.Thursday’s estimates from the CBO indicate that real GDP in 2021 will jump 4% in 2021 from 2020 after taking a projected 5.8% drop in 2020. The CBO then projects that real GDP will increase 2.9%. In years following, the GDP is expected to level off at 2.2%.But after unemployment dropped to 3.5% in 2019,, the unemployment rate is expected to be 7.6% in 2021, followed by 6.9% in 2022 and 5.9% in 2023 and 2024. Data released Thursday pegged the US unemployment rate at 11.1% in June.The CBO stresses there is uncertainty in its forecast given the pandemic.“The severity and duration of the pandemic are subject to significant uncertainty,” the CBO said. “In particular, several important epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus remain unclear: Much still needs to be learned about its transmissibility and lethality and about the immunity conferred on people who have recovered from it. Moreover, the severity and duration of the pandemic will be affected by how various mitigation measures reduce the spread of the virus and by when vaccines and additional treatments become available—outcomes that remain highly uncertain.” 1544

The US Food and Drug Administration approved two cancer treatments, Vitrakvi and Xospata, this week after expedited reviews.Vitrakvi, approved Monday, is "a treatment for adult and pediatric patients whose cancers have a specific genetic feature (biomarker)."The FDA said in a statement that it is the second approved cancer treatment that is based on a tumor biomarker instead of the place in the body where the tumor originated.Vitrakvi will be used for the treatment of solid tumors that have an NTRK (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase) gene fusion that do not have a known resistance mutation, that are not metastatic or where surgical removal is likely to lead to severe morbidity, and that have no alternative treatments or have progressed after treatments.NTRK genes are rare but occur in many types of cancer, the FDA said, such as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma and infantile fibrosarcoma.Xospata tablets, approved Wednesday, are for the "treatment of adult patients who have relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a FLT3 mutation," according to the FDA.Alongside the tablets, the agency also approved a diagnostic to detect the mutation."Approximately 25 to 30 percent of patients with AML have a mutation in the FLT3 gene. These mutations are associated with a particularly aggressive form of the disease and a higher risk of relapse," Dr. Richard Pazdur, director of the FDA's Oncology Center of Excellence, said in the statement.AML is a rapidly progressing cancer that affects the numbers of normal blood cells and calls for continuous transfusions, the FDA said.Both treatments were granted Priority Review designation.Priority Review, established in 1992, means the FDA aims to review the drug or treatment within six months, opposed to 10 months for a standard review."A Priority Review designation will direct overall attention and resources to the evaluation of applications for drugs that, if approved, would be significant improvements in the safety or effectiveness of the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of serious conditions when compared to standard applications," the FDA says.Both treatments also received?orphan drug?designation, a status granted to drugs for rare diseases or conditions. 2261

The U.S. has now seen two straight weeks in which at least 100,000 people are confirmed to have contracted COVID-19 each day.On Monday, the U.S. reported 166,000 new cases of the virus, marking the 14th consecutive day with 100,000 or more new cases of the virus, according to a database kept by Johns Hopkins University.The last day new cases totaled less than 100,000 was on Nov. 2. Since then, about 1.9 million Americans have contracted the virus, the rolling 7-day average of hospitalizations across the country has increased from 50,000 to 65,000 and daily deaths on a rolling 7-day average have ticked up from 824 a day to 1,114 a day.That 14-day time span has also seen seven days in which record numbers of new cases were reported. The current record was set on Friday when 177,000 people in the U.S. were confirmed to have contracted COVID-19.The current spike in caseloads has led hospitals across the country to become inundated with patients, overwhelming resources. The COVID Tracking Project reports that most of those hospitalizations are occurring in the Midwest, where rural hospitals in places like Iowa and South Dakota are running short on bed space.The current standard was predicted in June by Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's highest-ranking infectious disease expert. During a Senate hearing, Fauci stunned lawmakers by predicting that the U.S. could reach a point where 100,000 people were being infected each day if "disturbing trends" continued.Fauci's comments in June came during a summer spike in cases which saw infection rates top out at about 77,000 new cases each day.The current spike in cases comes as drugmakers like Pfizer and Moderna have reported encouraging results in vaccine trial results. While both vaccine candidates are on track for Emergency Use Authorization by the end of 2020, the drug likely won't be widely available to the general public for several months — Fauci has predicted that a vaccine will be widely available in the U.S. by April. 2002

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