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With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

While fall brings about vibrant leaves and cooler weather, it can also cause a seasonal affective disorder. It’s a condition that tends to come and go with the seasons. With COVID-19 still a major concern, some experts say SAD may be more noticeable due to the stresses of the pandemic. Social distancing may pose a risk in the coming months as a result of less physical contact.Child and adult psychiatrist, Judith Joseph, know the signs. Symptoms may include oversleeping, change of appetite, weight gain, and feeling tired. It’s a condition that affects about 5 percent of adults in the U.S., and typically lasts about 40 percent of the year. It's also a lot more common in women than men, according to the American Psychiatric Association.With schools now in session and reports of an uptick in coronavirus cases in several NYC Neighborhoods, Dr. Joseph said the combination could lead to even more anxiety.Light therapy may be a good alternative to make up for the loss of daylight. However, she warns patients to only use them under the supervision of a trained medical professional.Dr. Josephs said you can overcome that feeling of worry by continuing to follow COVID-19 safety guidelines while making self-care a top priority.You can start by developing a workout routine and sticking with it. Also, boost your melatonin levels by eating foods such as cherries and walnuts to getting a good night of sleep.The bottom line: don't brush off that sluggish feeling as simply a case of the "blues" or a seasonal funk. When in doubt, contact a mental health physician for advice.This story was first reported by Stacy-Ann Gooden at PIX11 in New York, New York. 1670

William "Bill" Barr, a former attorney general under President George H.W. Bush, is emerging as a consensus candidate to succeed Jeff Sessions as attorney general, two sources familiar with President Donald Trump's thinking tell CNN.A third source familiar with the process said if Trump offered the position to Barr, he would be willing to accept.Trump's consideration of a new attorney general comes during a critical time for special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation, of which the next Justice Department chief will inherit oversight. Barr, 68, has previously offered mixed opinions about the investigation, having praised Mueller but also publicly criticizing political donations made by several members of his team.The Washington Post first reported that Barr is the leading candidate. Sources cautioned to CNN, however, that Trump makes the final decision.Barr served as Mueller's boss when he was attorney general in the early 1990s and Mueller led the criminal division at the Justice Department.The former attorney general hasn't shied away from weighing in on Mueller's investigation. He expressed confidence in Mueller early on and suggested the investigation wouldn't devolve into a "witch hunt," but he also has shared some disappointment when asked by The Washington Post last year about the donations that some of Mueller's team members made to Democrats."In my view, prosecutors who make political contributions are identifying fairly strongly with a political party ... I would have liked to see him have more balance on this group," he said in July 2017.Barr also defended Trump's decision to fire former FBI Director James Comey, who was criticized for flouting Justice Department protocols when he announced in July 2016 that he wouldn't recommend charges against Hillary Clinton for mishandling classified info during her time as secretary of state."I think it is quite understandable that the administration would not want an FBI director who did not recognize established limits on his powers," Barr wrote in a Washington Post op-ed in May 2017. "It is telling that none of the president's critics are challenging the decision on the merits."The prospect of Barr taking over the Justice Department was well-received by some leading members of Congress in both parties Thursday.Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn, a Texas Republican who sits on the Judiciary Committee, called Barr an "interesting pick.""I think getting the next nominee confirmed is going to be a little bit of a challenge," he said. "(Barr) may be the kind of person who would be easier to confirm."Sen. Dianne Feinstein, the top Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, said she was unfamiliar with Barr's views but encouraged by a suggestion that he was an "establishment" Republican."I would hope (Trump) would pick someone who would be by the book and not by the politics," Feinstein said.CNN reported late last month that Barr was among several potential candidates to succeed Sessions.At the time, CNN reported that Trump was considering tapping the assistant attorney general for the Justice Department's Antitrust Division, Makan Delrahim, to succeed acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker. At the time, White House officials said Trump was in no rush to nominate a permanent successor to Sessions, whom he fired November 7. Instead, Trump was telling confidantes he was happy to leave Whitaker in place while he mulled his choices.Other names that have been floated as possible replacements for Sessions include Rep. John Ratcliffe of Texas, a former federal prosecutor, as well John Michael Luttig, a former US Court of Appeals judge, Justice Department official and current general counsel at Boeing. One former White House official said late last month that Luttig was a strong possibility, though he had not met with the President. A second source close to Luttig told CNN he was considered for the role of FBI director after Comey was fired in spring 2017.The-CNN-Wire 3983

With election day looming, the candidates vying to replace Duncan Hunter in East County's 50th Congressional District say they are leaving no stone uncovered.The race is pitting Republican Darrell Issa against Democrat Ammar Campa-Najjar. The two want to fill the seat Hunter vacated in January, when he resigned after pleading guilty to one felony campaign fraud charge. Campa-Najjar narrowly lost to a then-indicted Hunter in 2018 and is running again in 2020."The whole district, we're just going to be traveling across town, meeting people at local diners and saying 'hey, I'm here for you,'" Campa-Najjar said Monday. Issa represented coastal North County's 49th for nearly two decades. In 2018, he decided not to run for re-election as that district shifted blue. This year, however, Issa launched a campaign for the seat in the 50th after Hunter resigned. The district comprises much of East County, and stretches into south Riverside County. It is the only district in San Diego County in which Republicans outnumber Democrats. Issa said his campaign made 10,000 calls Sunday and knocked on more than 1,500 doors. He said if he is elected to Congress, he'd use his experience to help move the country forward. "Many of my Republican and Democratic friends are coming back after two years of very little progress and a lot of hostility," he said. "I'm hoping to get past that with people I have a working relationship with and get some things done."After months of polling showing the two neck-and-neck, an Oct. 27 ABC-10 Union-Tribune poll showed Issa with an 11 point lead over Campa-Najjar. Thad Kousser, a political scientist at UC San Diego, said, however, that Tuesday's early results could show Campa-Najjar starting in the lead due to increasingly Democratic early voting."Things are going to look good for Ammar Campa-Najjar by 8:05, 8:15, the next set of returns that come in are going to be the ones between 9 and 10:30 that will come from polling places," he said. noting that could be as much as a 10 or 15 point swing for Issa, until the rest of the balance come in. 2096

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) — The Democrats' historic boundary breakers are joining forces at the party’s national convention. Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton and Kamala Harris are all addressing the virtual convention Wednesday night in an effort to rouse the diverse coalition Joe Biden will need to defeat President Donald Trump this fall. Harris made a surprise, brief appearance as proceedings got under way, calling on supporters to make specific plans to vote — and overcome obstacles including the coronavirus and postal delays.Obama, the first Black president, and Clinton, the first woman nominated for president by a major party, were also speaking later, and Harris will be delivering remarks that will serve as her introduction to millions of voters. 763