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LOS ANGELES, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The Aquarius/SAC-D observatory, NASA's first ever satellite to study the saltiness of Earth's oceans, is in excellent health after its launch early Friday, initial telemetry reports showed.The observatory rocketed into space from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket at 7:20:13 a.m. PDT (10:20:13 a.m. EDT).Less than 57 minutes later, the observatory separated from the rocket's second stage and began activation procedures, establishing communications with ground controllers and unfurling its solar arrays, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.During the next 25 days, the Aquarius/SAC-D service platform will be tested and maneuvered into its final operational, near-polar orbit 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Science operations will begin after the observatory's instruments are checked out. This commissioning phase may last up to 65 days, JPL said.Aquarius will map the global open ocean once every seven days for at least three years with a resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The maps will show how ocean surface salinity changes each month, season and year. Scientists expect to release preliminary salinity maps later this year."Aquarius is a critical component of our Earth sciences work, and part of the next generation of space-based instruments that will take our knowledge of our home planet to new heights," said NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver. "The innovative scientists and engineers who contributed to this mission are part of the talented team that will help America win the future and make a positive impact across the globe."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing thermal microwave emissions from the water's surface with three microwave instruments called radiometers. When other environmental factors are equal, these emissions indicate the saltiness of surface water. A microwave radar scatterometer instrument will measure ocean waves that affect the precision of the salinity measurement.Because salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, Aquarius will be able to detect changes as small as approximately two parts per 10,000, equivalent to about one-eighth of a teaspoon of salt in a gallon of water."Data from this mission will advance our understanding of the ocean and prediction of the global water cycle," said Michael Freilich, director of NASA's Earth Science Division in the Science Mission Directorate at agency headquarters in Washington. "This mission demonstrates the power of international collaboration and accurate spaceborne measurements for science and societal benefit. This would not be possible without the sustained cooperation of NASA, CONAE and our other partners."The Aquarius/SAC-D (Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas) observatory is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina's space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).Aquarius was built by NASA's JPL and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida manages the launch.JPL will manage Aquarius through its commissioning phase and archive mission data. Goddard will manage Aquarius mission operations and process science data. CONAE is providing the SAC-D spacecraft, optical camera, thermal camera with Canada, microwave radiometer, sensors from various Argentine institutions and the mission operations center. France and Italy also are contributing instruments.

BEIJING, June 12 (Xinhua) -- China's Supreme People's Court (SPC) on Sunday publicized a judicial interpretation which sets specific rules for the country's courts to order penalties to criminals sabotaging TV and radio facilities.The interpretation said that criminals, whose sabotage causes information block for disaster early warning, rescue and others concern public security, could be convicted three to seven years of imprisonment on the charge of sabotaging TV and radio broadcast facilities.Other circumstances that could be convicted the imprisonment include sabotage that causes malfunction in the broadcast of TV and radio stations, according to the new law.According to statistics with the SPC, there have been more than 5,000 cases of sabotaging cable TV wires and more than 1,000 cases of sabotaging state-owned fiber optic lines and other cases of stealing broadcast facilities since 2006 in China.

STOCKHOLM, July 7 (Xinhua) -- A patient has been given a new trachea made from a synthetic scaffold seeded with his own stem cells in a Stockholm's hospital, the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet said on Thursday.The operation was performed on June 9th at Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge and the patient, a 36-year old man, has been well on the way to recovery and would be discharged from the hospital on Friday, the university said in a statement.The patient had been suffering from late stage tracheal cancer with the tumor had reached approximately 6cm in length and was extending to the main bronchus.Since no suitable donor windpipe was available, the transplantation of the synthetic tissue engineered trachea was performed as the last possible option for the patient.The successful transplantation of tissue engineered synthetic organs, referred to as regenerative medicine, could open promising therapeutic possibilities for the thousands of patients who suffer from similar conditions.Transplantations of tissue engineered windpipes with synthetic scaffolds in combination with the patient's own stem cells as a standard procedure means that patients would not have to wait for a suitable donor organ.This would be a substantial benefit for patients since they could benefit from earlier surgery and have a greater chance of cure, according to the statement.

WELLINGTON, June 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have uncovered an almost complete picture of the remains of a geological formation that was one of the great wonders of the 19th Century world before it was covered in ash and water during a volcanic eruption.Scientists from New Zealand and the United States said Friday they had discovered the White Terraces, half of the famous Pink and White Terraces in the central North Island's Lake Rotomahana.The same group of scientists found the remnants of the pink half of the former world-famous tourist attraction on the lake floor in January.The Pink and White Terraces were buried by the eruption of Mount Tarawera 125 years ago on 10 June 1886. The two sets of cascading silica terraces were separated by several hundred metres.The two formerly glistening terraces were formed on the shores of the lake, where the silica rich waters were warmed by the magma beneath.In the late 19th Century, the cascading terraces attracted people from all over the world. The White Terraces were the larger and stretched to a height of 30 meters, forming a 240-meter face. Visitors could walk up to a crater platform where they could bathe in the clear blue waters in naturally-formed basins up to three meters deep.Project Leader Cornel de Ronde, of New Zealand's GNS Science geosciences research institute, said the sonar images from Lake Rotomahana showed the lake floor was covered overwhelmingly by soft sediment and mud.The side-scan sonar data of the lake floor was collected on the last day of the 10-day project at Lake Rotomahana during the southern summer, but was analyzed using new software, which became available after the data collection had finished.The scientists found the sonar data contained images of hard, crescent-shaped structures on the lake bed in a similar location to where the White Terraces were before the eruption of 1886.The structures were about 60 meters below the surface, a similar depth to the Pink Terraces found in January. The lake is about 122 meters deep at its deepest point."The two places on the lake floor where we encountered hard, up- standing crescent-shaped features correspond to the locations of the Pink and White Terraces before the Tarawera eruption," de Ronde said."The sonar image that appears to show part of the White Terraces came to light after the project had finished. It shows a horizontal segment of terraces over 100 meters long, although we don't know which part of the terraces it is."The rounded terrace edges are standing up from the lake floor by about a meter in some places. The sonar images of both sets of terraces are strikingly similar."Scientists managed to capture several color photographs of part of the Pink Terraces in January, but they did not lower an underwater camera over the White Terraces location during the project as they were unaware of what the sonar data was showing at the time.The fate of the remaining sections of the Pink and White Terraces was unclear, said a statement from GNS. "They might have been destroyed in the eruption. Alternatively, they could be lying under thick sediment, which is impenetrable to sonar signals sent out by the two autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in the survey."De Ronde said finding remnants of both sets of terraces was a remarkable outcome for the project."The project team was absolutely thrilled in January when we realised our AUVs had detected remnants of the Pink Terraces. Finding part of what we believe is the White Terraces as well has been surprising and very satisfying."The original aim of the project at Lake Rotomahana was to map the lake floor and investigate the extensive geothermal system under the lake and how it evolved from an on-land geothermal system to a submerged one. Anything else was a bonus," de Ronde said."It's gratifying to be part of a science project that can answer a century-old mystery about the fate of the Pink and White Terraces."De Ronde said the announcement of the find was timed to coincide with the 125th anniversary of Tarawera's eruption.The 10-day project was a collaboration involving GNS Science, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New York, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Seattle, and New Zealand's University of Waikato.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- Latest research shows that the Moon could be younger than previous estimates. The findings were published online Wednesday in the Nature journal.The prevailing theory of the Moon's origin is that it was created by a giant impact between a large planet-like object and the proto-Earth. The energy of this impact was sufficiently high that the Moon formed from melted material that was ejected into space. As the Moon cooled, this magma solidified into different mineral components. Analysis of lunar rock samples thought to have been derived from the original magma has given scientists a new estimate of the Moon's age.According to this theory for lunar formation, a rock type called ferroan anorthosite, or FAN, is the oldest of the Moon's crustal rocks, but scientists have had difficulty dating FAN samples. The research team used newly refined techniques to determine the age of a sample of FAN from the lunar rock that was brought back to Earth by the Apollo 16 mission in 1972.The team analyzed the isotopes of the elements lead and neodymium to place the FAN sample's age at 4.36 billion years. This figure is significantly younger than earlier estimates of the Moon's age that range as old as the age of the solar system at 4. 568 billion years. The new, younger age obtained for the oldest lunar crust is similar to ages obtained for the oldest terrestrial minerals -- zircons from western Australia -- suggesting that the oldest crusts on both Earth and Moon formed at approximately the same time, and that this time dates from shortly after the giant impact.This study is the first in which a single sample of FAN yielded consistent ages from multiple isotope dating techniques. This result strongly suggests that these ages pinpoint the time at which the sample crystallized."The extraordinarily young age of this lunar sample either means that the Moon solidified significantly later than previous estimates, or that we need to change our entire understanding of the Moon's geochemical history," Carnegie Institute of Science's geochemist and study author Richard Carlson said.