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The mystery isn’t why so many people file for bankruptcy each year. It’s why more people don’t.Each year, only a fraction of the Americans who could benefit financially from bankruptcy actually seek relief. Economists say some don’t file because collectors aren’t aggressively pursuing them, while others may strategically delay filing because bankruptcy could benefit them more down the road.Many bankruptcy attorneys have a much simpler explanation: Fear, a lack of information and misplaced optimism keep people from getting a fresh start.A temporary pauseAbout 14% of U.S. households — or roughly 17 million — owe more than they own, according to Federal Reserve Bank of New York estimates. Many of these households could benefit from having their debts wiped out, but fewer than 1% of U.S. households actually file for bankruptcy each year. Last year, there were 752,160 personal bankruptcy filings. Researchers refer to this gap as “missing bankruptcies” — the filings that could be happening, but aren’t.Now, there’s an additional set of missing bankruptcies: the cases people normally would have filed in recent months, but haven’t. Bankruptcy filings dropped dramatically in the second quarter of this year, to about 60% of the average for the previous five years.Courthouses were shuttered by pandemic closures, which made it harder for creditors to pursue foreclosures and wage garnishments. Those are two big drivers of consumer bankruptcy filings, says David Cox, a bankruptcy attorney in Lynchburg, Virginia, and co-author of “Consumer Bankruptcy: Fundamentals of Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.”Borrowers have benefited from various forms of coronavirus relief, such as suspended payments on federal student loans, mortgage forbearance and expanded hardship options for loans and credit card accounts. The 0 weekly bump in unemployment checks, which expired in July, also kept many people afloat, Cox says.Lower jobless benefits, along with the reopening of courts and continued high unemployment, mean the lull in bankruptcy filings is likely temporary, says Jenny Doling, a bankruptcy attorney in Palm Desert, California, who serves on the American Bankruptcy Institute’s Chapter 13 Advisory Committee.She worries that people will wait too long to file. Too often, people drain retirement funds or other assets that would be protected in bankruptcy to pay debts that will ultimately be erased, she says. Putting off bankruptcy also can make it harder to come up with the ,500 needed to file a typical case.You won’t lose everythingCox says many of his clients delay filing because they fear they will lose cars, homes and other property. They are pleasantly surprised that they aren’t stripped of everything they own, he says.“There’s a misunderstanding about how bankruptcy works and what it would take from you,” Cox says.The vast majority of people who file the most common type of bankruptcy, Chapter 7, don’t have to give up any of their possessions. The types and amount of property you can keep vary by state, but typically include clothing, professional tools, wedding rings and at least some equity in your home. A few thousand dollars of equity in a car is usually protected as well. If you have assets that wouldn’t be protected in Chapter 7, you could file for a Chapter 13 repayment plan instead.You can get credit againA bankruptcy filing remains on your credit reports for up to 10 years. But credit scores can start to recover soon after you file. It’s possible to get a VA or FHA mortgage two years after a bankruptcy. Most loans require you to wait at least four years.People can start to rebuild credit a few months after their bankruptcy case is discharged by getting secured credit cards, which require a deposit, or credit-builder loans, available from some credit unions, community banks and online.The problem with anxiety — or unrealistic optimismDebt often leads to anxiety and depression that makes taking action difficult, Cox says. Many of his clients arrive at their first meeting with grocery sacks full of unopened bills.But misplaced optimism can also be a problem. The same hopefulness that causes people to take on too much debt also can lead them to put off the reckoning, he says.“You always think, ‘Our income’s going to increase, things will be better going forward,’” Cox says.Anyone struggling with debt now should consider consulting a bankruptcy attorney, Doling says. The first visit is often free, and referrals are available from the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys. Consulting with an attorney doesn’t obligate you to file, but it could help you avoid expensive mistakes if you later decide that’s your best option.“The people who do much better in bankruptcy are the ones who came in and got advice early on,” Doling says.This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by the Associated Press.More From NerdWalletSmart Money Podcast: Used Cars in Short Supply, and Shea Couleé Talks About MoneyHow Frugal Fashionistas Can Stay on TrendAre Medicare Advantage Plans Worth the Risk?Liz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 5211

The Louisville Metro police department has fired one of the police officers involved in the fatal shooting of Breonna Taylor. A termination letter for Officer Brett Hankison released by the city’s police department today said Hankinson violated procedures by showing “extreme indifference to the value of human life." The letter also said Hankinson violated the rule against using deadly force. Taylor, who was Black, was shot eight times by officers who burst into her Louisville home using a no-knock warrant during a March 13 narcotics investigation. Two other officers remain on administrative reassignment while the shooting is investigated.Taylor, who was employed as an EMT, was inside of her home when police conducted a “no-knock raid” on her home. Thinking the police officers were intruders, Taylor’s boyfriend, Kenneth Walker, allegedly shot at police.Louisville Metro Police officers returned fire, striking and killing Taylor.Walker was originally arrested for firing at police, but later was released. 1024

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory reports an eruption at the Halemaumau Crater of the Kilauea Volcano. Trade winds will push any embedded ash toward the Southwest. Fallout is likely in the Kau District in Wood Valley, Pahala, Naalehu and Ocean View. Stay indoors to avoid Exposu— COH Civil Defense (@CivilDefenseHI) December 21, 2020 349

The Justice Department is investigating Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke for possibly using his office for personal gain, following a referral from Interior's inspector general, two sources familiar with the investigation say.The full extent of the inquiry is unclear.Zinke has faced multiple ethics questions during his time at Interior, and the inspector general's office has multiple public inquiries into the secretary including the department's handling of a Connecticut casino project, whether the boundaries for Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument were redrawn to benefit a state lawmaker and conversations between Zinke and Halliburton Chairman David Lesar about a Montana land development project.Zinke said he has not been contacted by the Justice Department."They haven't talked to me. It will be the same thing as all the other investigations. I follow all rules, procedures, regulations and most importantly the law. This is another politically driven investigation that has no merit," Zinke told CNN.The Justice Department declined to comment. Interior's inspector general's office said it would not comment on Justice-related issues.President Donald Trump's Cabinet secretaries have faced scrutiny over their use of government resources, including former Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price and Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.CNN has also learned Justice Department investigators began probing Scott Pruitt's questionable ethical conduct before he left as Environmental Protection Agency administrator, according to multiple people familiar with the matter. The inquiry was opened up after a referral from the EPA IG regarding whether Pruitt took any action to benefit an energy lobbyist he rented a condo from for below market rate.The probe appears to have stalled since Pruitt left office over the summer, according to multiple sources familiar with the matter. 1922

The House recently passed a massive infrastructure and transportation bill, with .5 trillion in projects over the next five years. Included in the bill is the Hot Cars Act, which never passed in 2019. It would require all new cars to come with technology that can detect when a child is left in the backseat when the vehicle isn’t running.So far in 2020, at least seven children have died after being left in hot vehicles. On average, 39 children under the age of 15 die each year from heatstroke after being left in a vehicle, according to the National Safety Council.Wednesday also marks 12 years since Miles Harrison made that fatal mistake with his newly adopted son, Chase.“I was the guy, that was the same guy, that made fun of me. I was that guy. It could never happen to me. I’m too smart. I’m successful. My wife and I worked out a system. It’s one of the first times I’ve done it. And so, on this particular day, I was supposed to drop Chase off at day care and then go into the office,” said Harrison.Except, Harrison never got off at the exit for the day care. Instead, he went to work as usual, parked his SUV, worked all day, went to lunch and then at 5 p.m., a colleague came to him with a strange question.“They said, ‘hey do you have a doll in your car?’ And I go, ‘a doll?’ And then a sinking feeling. I run out to my SUV and I grab him out of his car seat and I’m screaming, ‘oh God no! Oh God no! Not Chase! Oh God.’”Harrison's 21-month-old Chase died of a heat stroke in his car seat.Eventually, Harrison was questioned by police.“I just said, ‘I killed my son.’ I just said, ‘I did and I didn't remember.’”He was charged with involuntary manslaughter, went to trial and was found not guilty. But Harrison says it didn't matter.“There were several times that I thought about taking my own life,” he said. “I just couldn't take it and I was so angry with myself and ashamed of what I had done.”The situation brought international consequences. Harrison and his wife had adopted Chase from a Russian orphanage. After his death and in retaliation for other political issues, Russia passed a law in Chase's Russian name banning U.S. citizens from adopting.Harrison’s story lead to an award-winning article called "Fatal Distraction" and a documentary "To the Moon and Back."Harrison and his wife channeled their pain into advocacy, pushing for the "Hot Cars Act." it would require all new vehicles to come with an alarm system that goes off if someone was in the backseat when the engine is turned off.The requirement is now part of the new transportation bill just passed by the House, but the Senate doesn't appear ready to pass it, leaving Harrison to continue on his crusade.“Children are dying in hot cars and it can be easily stopped. All you have to do is vote yes,” he said. 2809

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