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LOS ANGELES, June 3 (Xinhua) -- Eating earth may protect the stomach against toxins, parasites and pathogens, a new study suggests.To examine the possible benefits from eating earth, researchers at Cornell University analyzed reports from missionaries, plantation doctors, explorers, and anthropologists to put together a database of more than 480 cultural accounts of geophagy -- the eating of earth.The database includes as many details as possible about the circumstances under which earth was consumed, and by whom. The researchers could then use patterns in the data to evaluate each potential explanation.Studies in the database indicate that geophagy is common even when food is plentiful. Moreover, when people eat dirt they tend to eat only small quantities that are unlikely to fill an empty stomach.The database shows that geophagy is documented most commonly in women in the early stages of pregnancy and in pre-adolescent children. Both categories of people are especially sensitive to parasites and pathogens, according to the researchers.In addition, geophagy is most common in tropical climates where foodborne microbes are abundant. Finally, the database shows that people often eat earth during episodes of gastrointestinal stress.It's unlikely the intestinal problems are caused by the dirt itself because the type of clay people usually eat comes from deep in the ground, where pathogens and parasites are unlikely to contaminate it. Plus, people usually boil the clay before eating it.More study would be helpful to confirm the protection hypothesis, the researchers say, but the available data at this point clearly support it over the other explanations for eating earth."We hope this paper stimulates (more) research," said Sera Young, a researcher at Cornell University and the study's lead author. "More importantly, we hope readers agree that it is time to stop regarding geophagy as a bizarre, non-adaptive gustatory mistake.""With these data, it is clear that geophagy is a widespread behavior in humans ...that occurs during both vulnerable life stages and when facing ecological conditions that require protection."The study is appearing in the June issue of The Quarterly Review of Biology.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Intel and Google on Tuesday announced a partnership to enable the world's largest chip maker's architecture on the search giant's products, saying that an Intel chip-based Android smartphone will hit the market in the first half of 2012.In a joint press release, the two companies said the future versions of Android mobile operating system will support Intel's low power Atom processors, in addition to other architectures.At the Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco on Tuesday, Intel Chief Executive Officer Paul Otellini said the Intel smartphone chip is code-named Medfield and based on the company's own PC- based computer architecture.Otellini said multiple vendors around the world will launch the Medfield-based Android smartphones in the first half of 2012.Andy Rubin, senior vice president of mobile at Google, came on stage at the close of Otellini's keynote to hail the joint initiatives between the two companies.Intel has been struggling to get a bite of the booming market of smartphones and tablets. Most of the current mobile devices use chips based on architecture from ARM Holdings, which are considered more power efficient than Intel's products. Nokia had planned to ship smartphones with Intel chips this year, but it shifted to ARM-based phones with Windows Phone 7 system.Otellini said Intel will eventually have an advantage in supplying smartphone chips as the business is not established in terms of the final winner and performance of the products keeps growing.

BERLIN, June 8 (Xinhua) -- The deadly strain for the E. coli outbreak was found again on cucumbers, authorities of German state Saxony-Anhalt said on Wednesday. The strain O104 was found on the scraps of cucumbers in a dustbin in the eastern city of Magdeburg, said State Health Minister Holger Paech.The dustbin belongs to a family in which three members have been ill. Paech said. The father only suffered a slight stomach upset, while the mother was once treated at a hospital and is now released. Their daughter is suffering from hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious complication from the infection of E. coli.However, experts were not clear about how the bacteria came to the cumbers, which have been in the dustbin for a week and a half."It is not clear and we are not able to determine how it reached there." Paech said.German authority first detected such bacteria from Spanish cucumbers on May 26, which has been overthrown by the laboratory tests in Hamburg last Tuesday.On Sunday, German State Lower Saxony issued a warning on bean sprouts as a possible source for the outbreak, which was proven to be negative on Monday.The German government has faced increasing criticism from abroad and at home for dealing with this crisis, as it has wrongly blamed the source of the infection for twice and there is a lack of coordination between different research institutes on the outbreak.John Dalli, European Union Health Commissioner, was quoted by local daily Die Welt saying "we have to rely on the experience and expertise across Europe, and even outside Europe."The Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin also called for a federal government representative to coordinate the various government agencies which are dealing with the crisis.A federal government representative could increase cooperation between ministries and reduce mixed messages from the government, said director Stefan Kaufmann.On the same day, Germany's national disease control center, the Robert Koch Institute, said the number of infection has shown an overall decreasing trend but it is still uncertain whether the decline is due to people staying away from vegetables or to the waning of the source of infection.Until Wednesday, 25 deaths have been reported while the infection cases have increased more than 2,600 in 12 countries around the world.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 13 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in San Francisco, U.S. have found in a latest study that bisphenol A (BPA) and methylparaben, two chemicals commonly used in consumer products, can interfere with the breast cancer drugs, local media reported on Tuesday.In the study, doctors from California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco found that healthy breast cells from high-risk patients started to find ways to bypass breast cancer drugs after they were exposed to BPA and methylparaben in the lab.The cells exposed to the two chemicals kept growing and didn't die after they were introduced with Tamoxifen, a current standard drug therapy for female breast cancer and most common used treatment for male breast cancer, Dr. William Goodson, lead author of the study, told San Francisco Chronicle.Goodson said that BPA and methylparaben not only mimic estrogen 's ability to drive cancer, but appear to be even better than the natural hormone in bypassing the ability of drugs to treat it. The finds have been published online in the British medical journal Carcinogenesis.The research shows more evidence of safety issues of BPA, a chemical primarily used to make plastic baby bottles, food containers, household electronics and etc, as well as the less known methylparaben, a chemical preservative used in cosmetics and other personal care products.The researchers noted that the breast cancer rates have been growing by about the same amount in men as in women over the past three decades. Scientists have been looking at environmental causes for the disease and wondering where the hormones are coming from.Goodson said BPA and methylparaben are used so widely and even found in household dust, noting that it is still unknown whether the effects of exposure to the chemicals are reversible.Since 2008, several governments issued reports questioning the negative health effects of BPA, especially raising concerns regarding exposure of fetuses, infants and children. BPA use has been banned in baby bottles in a lot of countries and regions.As for methylparaben, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said on its website that "at the present time there is no reason for consumers to be concerned about the uses of cosmetics containing parabens (including methylparaben)."

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- More U.S. Internet users will access Internet through mobile devices than through PCs or other wireline devices by 2015, market research company International Data Corporation (IDC) said in its latest study released on Monday.According to IDC, the number of mobile Internet users will grow by a compound annual growth rage of 16.6 percent between 2010 and 2015, as mobile devices sales, such as smartphones and media tablets, explode."The impact of smartphone and especially, media tablet adoption will be so great that the number of users accessing the Internet through PCs will first stagnate and then slowly decline," said IDC in a forecast.Western Europe and Japan will not be far behind the U.S. in following this trend, the study noted.IDC also predicts that some 40 percent of the world's population will have access to Internet in 2015, when the total number of Internet users will grow to 2.7 billion from 2 billion in 2010."Forget what we have taken for granted on how consumers use the Internet," Karsten Weide, IDC's research vice president of media and entertainment, said in a statement."Soon, more users will access the Web using mobile devices than using PCs, and it's going to make the Internet a very different place," he added.