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BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- About 20 million of China's migrant workers have returned home after losing their jobs as the global financial crisis takes a toll on the economy, said a senior official here on Monday. Chen Xiwen, director of the office of the central leading group on rural work, said about 15.3 percent of the 130 million migrant workers had returned jobless from cities to the countryside. The figures were based on a survey by the Ministry of Agriculture in 150 villages in 15 provinces, carried out before the week-long Lunar New Year holiday which began on Jan. 25. Chen Xiwen, director of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Rural Work, speaks at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office, Feb. 2, 2009. His remarks came a day after the central government issued its first document this year, which warned 2009 will be "possibly the toughest year" since the turn of the century in terms of securing economic development and consolidating the "sound development momentum" in agriculture and rural areas. The country's economic growth slowed to 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, dragging down the annual rate to a seven-year low of 9 percent. The document urged local and central government departments to adopt measures to create jobs and increase rural incomes. Companies were asked to take on more social responsibilities and give rural migrant workers more favorable employment treatment. Flexible employment policies and more training chances were also encouraged. Meanwhile, local government departments should increase investment to provide favorable tax and fee policies to those who lost jobs in cities and expect to find new work in their hometowns. The government also urged departments to map out basic pension insurance measures suitable for rural conditions and migrant workers to ensure their rights.
BEIJING, March 26 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank governor has spoken highly of the government's rapid responses to the current global financial crisis, featuring decisively adopting a proactive fiscal policy and an adaptively easing monetary policy, and launching a bundle of timely, targeted and temporary policies and measures. The prompt, decisive and effective policy measures adopted by the Chinese government demonstrates "its superior system advantage when it comes to making vital policy decisions," says Zhou Xiaochuan, president of the People's Bank of China (PBC), in an article entitled "Changing Pro-cyclicality for Financial and Economic Stability." It is Zhou's third article published on the central bank's official website (WWW.PBC.GOV.CN) this week to discuss the issue of the current global financial crisis. His first and second articles, published on Monday and Tuesday, are entitled "Reform the International Monetary System" and "On Savings Ratio," respectively. In the third article, the 61-year old central bank governor tries to find out the root causes for the current financial crisis, including but not limited to lessons on monetary policy, financial sector regulations, accounting rules. The top Chinese banker says he wants to stimulate debate and discussions on some of the pro-cyclical features in the system, possible remedial measures, and how monetary and fiscal authorities can play their professional roles at times of severe market distress. "Financial crises normally originate in the accumulation of bubbles and their subsequent bursts. Usually, economists pay a lot of attentions to pro-cyclicality on the macro level. However, on the micro level, there are quite a number of notable pro-cyclical features embedded in the market structure today, which should be addressed as we deal with the current crisis and reform the financial system," he says. Zhou suggests that in the current market structure, more counter-cyclical mechanisms or negative feedback loops on micro-level should be put in place to sustain a more stable financial system. In the article, he notes that rating problems and herding phenomenon arise from outsourcing. The global financial system relies heavily on the external credit ratings for investment decisions and risk management, giving rise to a prominent feature of pro-cyclicality, according to the central bank governor. "Economic upswings produce euphoria and downturns generate pessimism," he says, "Many market players adopting ratings from the three agencies and using them as the yardstick for operations and internal performance assessments clearly result in a massive "herd behavior" at the institutional level." Zhou points out that some market players seem to have forgotten that the ratings are no more than indicators of default probabilities based on past experiences but were never meant to be guarantees for the future, he says. "Once problems take place, as we have seen during the current crisis, fingers are pointed to the rating agencies," he says. He suggests that financial institutions should try to rely more on internal rating in assessing risks. He calls for giving full play to the professional role of authorities in maintaining overall financial stability and establishing a counter-cyclical mechanism for capital requirement "To stabilize markets under severe stress, finance ministries and central banks need to act fast and apply extraordinary measures," he says, "Untimely or delayed response falls behind the curve and would make the outcome less than desired even if the response is correct and strong." In modern Western societies, a prolonged political process for mandates to finance ministries or central banks often miss the best timing for action, Zhou says, adding, "We have observed such cases during the current crisis." He suggests that governments and legislatures may consider giving pre-authorized mandates to ministries of finance and central banks to use extraordinary means to contain systemic risk under well-defined stress scenarios, in order to allow them to act boldly and expeditiously without having to go through a lengthy or even painful approval process. "Such systematic pre-authorized mandates would put the specialized expertise of finance ministries and central banks to the best use when markets need it the most," he stresses. The central bank governor attributes China's current success in easing the impacts of the crisis to the country's financial sector reform and ongoing macroeconomic stimulus measures In 2003, fully aware of the systemic vulnerabilities of China's banking industry, the Chinese government made a courageous and strategic decision to restructure the four state-owned commercial banks, says Zhou, who took over as the PBC governor in late 2002. In the article, Zhou gives a look back on the reforms of the country's major banks and security industry. But he warns, "We should bear in mind that despite the notable achievements in banking reform, the major banks have not gone through a full business cycle and still have much to improve. An economic slowdown will be the ultimate stress test for the robustness of the banks' strengths." According to the bank governor, irrespective of China's sound financial sector, the Chinese economy, especially the export sector, has felt the impact brought by the slowdown of the global economy. He praises the Chinese government for its plans to stimulate domestic demand and promote stable and relatively rapid economic growth, including the extra investment of 4 trillion yuan (685 billion U.S. dollars) in over two years, the ten measures to revitalize the industrial sectors, and other bolster measures to increase money supply, promote employment, reform taxes and medical and healthcare system. "Having taken the above-mentioned measures, China expect to maintain stable economic growth by boosting domestic demand and reducing dependence on external demand, thus serving as a stabilizing force in global economy," Zhou says. In overall, the macroeconomic measures have produced preliminary result and some leading indicators are pointing to recovery of economic growth, indicating that rapid decline in growth has been curbed, he concludes.

ISLAMABAD, April 18 (Xinhua) -- A 100-member-strong youth delegation of Pakistan is to leave for China on Sunday on a week-long visit as a program of boosting exchanges between the two friendly countries. "The youths from all walks of life of Pakistan will have the chance to look at China and know more about China," said Charge d'Affairs Yao Jing of Chinese Embassy in Pakistan told youth delegation at a reception. Chinese President Hu Jintao invited 500 young people from Pakistan to visit China within five years when he paid a state visit to Pakistan in November, 2006. The program was launched in 2007. The program is aimed at "increasing mutual understanding" between the two countries and peoples, said Yao. Ullah Saif Shervani, secretary of Pakistani Ministry of Youth Affairs, expressed the hope that the delegation members could take the opportunity to learn from "friendly China" and help enhance "time-tested friendship" between the two countries. "I appreciate the Chinese government for the chance to visit," said Adil Taj, an university student in Islamabad. "We will work hard to make our own contribution to Pakistan-China friendship." The youth delegation is scheduled to visit Beijing, Urumqi and Lanzhou from April 19 to 27.
BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) has called for beefing up efforts to further push forward peaceful development of relations between the mainland and Taiwan. A meeting on Taiwan work, held from Friday through Saturday, pointed out that major breakthrough had been made in development of relations across the Taiwan Straits in 2008. The meeting urged doing solid job to further push forward development of cross-Straits relations and the process of cross-Straits consultations, continuing the progressive method of easy things first, difficult things later; and economic affairs first, political affairs later. It urged consolidating the political bases that the two sides both oppose "Taiwan independence" and adhere to the "1992 Consensus", to maintain the momentum of the improving cross-Straits relations. It urged vigorously beefing up economic exchanges and cooperation, fully realizing direct transport, postal and trade links, striving for normalization of economic relations and working for institutionalizing economic cooperation. It orders taking effective measures to help Taiwan businesses on the mainland to overcome difficulties, implementing a series of policies that benefit Taiwan compatriots, beefing up cooperation in dealing with the international financial crisis. It also urged vigorously pushing forward all-round exchanges, with emphasis on promoting cultural and educational exchanges and involving more Taiwan people in cross-Straits exchanges. Jia Qinglin, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, attended the meeting and made a speech. Jia, who is also Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, urged following the guidelines put forward by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao on Taiwan work. The meeting was presided over by State Councilor Dai Bingguo. The Taiwan Work Office of the CPC Central Committee director Wang Yi delivered a work report at the meeting.
JEJU, ROK, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, a senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC), unveiled a new Confucius Institute here Saturday soon after his arrival. Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, cut the ribbon for the Republic of Korea's 13th Confucius Institute, the Chinese-teaching institution overseas. The institute was set up in Cheju Halla College, the largest private institute of high learning in Jeju Special-Governing Province of the Republic of Korea (ROK). When addressing the opening ceremony, Li said that China and ROK were inter-linked geographically and culturally. "The cultural exchanges boast profound historic foundation and favorable realistic environment," he said. Li Changchun (L2), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, unveils the Confucius Institute set up in Cheju Halla College, in Jeju, the Republic of Korea (ROK), April 4, 2009During the past centuries, the peoples of China and ROK learn from each other, thus contributing to the development of the colorful culture in East Asia, Li said. "With concerted efforts made by both, I believe that the cultural exchanges between our two countries will see even more vigorous growth, making active contribution to the development of China-ROK strategic and cooperative relations," he said. Jeju is known for its natural scenery and become a major tourist destination for Chinese travelers. "I think the new Confucius Institute can surely add a new human landmark to the beautiful natural vista in Jeju," he said. Li also donated a batch of Chinese language teaching textbooks, books on Chinese history and culture and some audio-video materials to the institute. The world's first Confucius Institute was launched in Seoul, capital of the ROK, in December 2004. By March 2009, some 256 Confucius Institutes and 58 Confucius Classrooms were set up in 81countries and regions worldwide. Li arrived in Jeju earlier Saturday. ROK is the last leg of Li's four-nation tour which has already taken him to Australia, Myanmar and Japan.
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