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WASHINGTON, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- New research published this week in Nature Medicine indicates that targeted drugs such as gefitinib might more effectively treat non-small cell lung cancer if they could be combined with agents that block certain microRNAs.The study, led by investigators with the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, shows that overexpression of two genes called MET and EGFR causes the deregulation of six microRNAs, and that this deregulation leads to gefitinib resistance.The findings support the development of agents that restore the levels of these microRNAs. It offers a new strategy for treating non-small cell lung cancer, which is responsible for about 85 percent of the 221,000 lung-cancer cases and 157,000 deaths that occur annually in the United States. It also suggests that measuring the expression levels of certain microRNAs -- those controlled by the MET gene -- might predict which lung-cancer cases are likely to be resistant to gefitinib.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer, and this leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGFR activation and triggers cancer cells to self-destruct by apoptosis. However, non-small cell lung cancer cells inevitably develop resistance to the drug. The study reveals how this resistance occurs."Our findings suggest that gefitinib resistance that is caused by MET overexpression is at least partly due to miRNA deregulation, " says principal investigator Carlo Croce.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Wednesday approved Isentress for the treatment of HIV-1 infection for children and adolescents.The drug is part of a class of medications called HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors that works by slowing the spread of HIV in the body. It was first approved for use in adult patients in October 2007, under FDA's accelerated approval program."Many young children and adolescents are living with HIV and this approval provides an important additional option for their treatment," said Edward Cox, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Isentress is a pill that can be taken twice daily, with or without food. The pill is also available in a chewable form. As the two tablet formulations are not interchangeable, the chewable form is only approved for use in children ages 2 to 11.A single, multi-center clinical trial of 96 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years with HIV-1 infection evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Isentress. These patients previously received treatment for HIV-1 infection. After 24 weeks of treatment with Isentress, 53 percent of these patients had an undetectable amount of HIV in their blood.According to the FDA, the most commonly reported severe, treatment-related side effects in patients taking Isentress include trouble sleeping and headache. The frequency of these side effects is similar for children and adults. One pediatric patient reported severe treatment-related insomnia, while another pediatric patient experienced a drug-related skin rash.

JERUSALEM, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- Kfir Damari, a communication systems engineer, has a dream: to land a miniature spacecraft on the moon sometime in 2013.Damari is one of the founders of Team SpaceIL, a non-profit organization representing Israel in the Google Lunar X Competition. The prize: 20 million U.S. dollars to the first of the 26 international teams currently registered that lands an unmanned craft on the moon, moves it a minimum of 500 meters across the lunar surface and transmits live high-resolution images back to earth."It's a tough mission, but I believe that if everyone in Israel joins hands it's possible," Damari told Xinhua.It is exactly the kind of entrepreneurial spirit that Israel, a country largely void of natural resources, counts on to make it a global leader in technological innovation.The two other men behind the initiative are Yonatan Winetraub, 25, a systems engineer at Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and a graduate of NASA's International Space University, and Yariv Bash, 31, a computer scientist and electronics engineer. The three first met at an innovation conference held by IAI a year ago.They describe the lander as a nano-satellite, whose design was revealed at the project's official inauguration ceremony on Thursday. The vessel weighs 100 kg, 80 percent of which are fuel, and is outfitted with rocket boosters and a panoramic camera."It's somewhat of a cellular phone sitting on a large fuel tank. All the technology that we require is basically contained in a typical smartphone with its communication and imaging features," Damari said.Launched in 2007, the Lunar X Prize aims to encourage space enthusiasts and engineers worldwide to develop cheap technologies for robotic space exploration.The Israelis have slated a modest 15 million U.S. dollars for the endeavor, 90 percent of which must come from private contributions according to the competition's rules. They have already raised 3.5 million dollars.The fact that they have formed a non-profit NGO in itself is worthy of praise. Most other teams have obtained the patronage of private corporations for whom money is not a problem, with some reportedly allotting up to 100 million U.S. dollars.To compensate for the disparities in funding, Damari and his partners have enlisted the support of 120 local volunteers, many of them engineers holding top positions in the technological and scientific community as well as the country's leading defense industries.Rona Ramon, the widow of Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon killed aboard the Columbia Space Shuttle in 2003, was one of the sponsors too.In a bid to keep costs down, SpaceIL is heavily relying on the existing knowledge accumulated by Israel's defense industries over the past decades in building and launching mainly small, lightweight communications and military surveillance satellites into space.The challenge, Damari said, is to take that know-how a step further. The professionals who have volunteered for the project, among them some of Israel's most revered space experts, are currently grappling with several issues, including the ignition system, optic-visual navigation, beaming imagery to earth and the intricacies of enabling the nano-satellite a smooth lunar landing.SpaceIL is still searching for a third party that they will lease to launch their vehicle into space. Once there, they will have to navigate it to the moon on their own.While 20 million U.S. dollars is a major motivator for anyone, the Israelis said they're not seeking personal gain, but rather plan to invest the prize money in the vision that originally prompted their registration in December last year: inspiring the country's younger generation to pursue engineering and the sciences and to dream big, just like Neil Armstrong did when he disembarked from the Apollo 11 and took the first step on the moon in 1969.The funds, they said, will be funneled to educational programs that seek to rejuvenate youths' interest in science disciplines, which have been on the decline in the country's high schools in recent decades."We hope to attract the next generation of kids, to enable them to be engineers and scientists and to make sure that we have more people that can build spaceships in Israel in the future," said Damari.He and the other men behind the initiative also acknowledge that their motives are no less driven by patriotism. Winning the Lunar X has the potential to create national pride and put Israel "on the map as a start-up nation" by accomplishing a feat reserved for superpowers."The moon is something you see every day. I think that for me personally, space exploration is the way to enlist the nation to do something that has not yet been done," said Damari, who started programming aged six and wrote his first computer virus aged 11."It's also about exploring new borders, going the distance. (The project) will leverage Israel's space industry. I'm sure that all the industries that will partner with us will learn a lot and develop new applications, especially for the civilian market," he said.On Thursday, Israeli President Shimon Peres, whose name has become synonymous with the nation's hi-tech industries, honored the trio by unveiling their model at the ceremony held at MABAT -- IAI's missiles and space division near Tel Aviv."More than Israel is leading technology, it is likely to lead Israel. It's the key to our economy ... If they win the prize, and I'm sure they will, it will also reward Israel with the deepest appreciation and the best deterrence," Peres told a crowd of senior executives from local defense industries."I admire your audacity and vision," he complimented the three scientists.Will they realize their ambition? Damari expressed humble optimism, "It's not easy, but certainly possible ... We believe we can win."

BEIJING, Dec. 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A vagrant boy sat all huddled up in a corner of Beijing Railway Station, trying to keep himself warm in the chilly wind on Tuesday afternoon.He could only remember that he was 16 and that his home was far away from Beijing but failed to provide other vital information such as his name or home address.Two officials from the social assistance center for the homeless in Beijing's Dongcheng district came to his assistance within half an hour of receiving a passer-by's call. The boy was taken to the center's office for some paper work and then sent to a shelter for the homeless in Fengtai district.A teenager, unsure of his identity and living on a street corner near Beijing Railway Station, is helped by China Daily photographer Wang Jing on Tuesday before being taken to a care center."Our center handles about three or four similar cases every month. Those whose family cannot be contacted immediately are sent to the shelter," said Cao Hui, an official who came to the railway station to pick up the boy.The method of collecting vagrants and sending them to shelters would include an extra step by 2013, according to a notice jointly issued by eight government departments, including the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA), on Monday.The circular required the public security, urban management authorities and rescue centers nationwide to collect blood samples from vagrant children. Their DNA information will be recorded and checked against the national DNA database to see if these could be matched with that of missing children's parents', in case they were kidnapped or stolen by criminals.The eight government departments will start a year-long national campaign in 2012, aiming to return street children to their homes, which will be led by the MCA.The MCA urged provincial governments to set up special offices to coordinate the campaign.Civil Affairs minister Li Liguo said on Monday that the ministry will speed up revising the management regulations related to the homeless and beggars in cities, introduced in 2003. Detailed rules about how different government departments should cooperate with each other to help vagrant children would be formulated in the revised regulation.The notice also urged the civil affairs authorities to organize social workers to provide one-on-one psychological counseling and aid services to street children.Educational authorities in locations where the vagrant children are originally from are required to facilitate their returning to schools or vocational institutions. Those from poor families can have their school fees reduced or waived.Yu Jianrong, a professor with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and an initiator of a grassroots campaign to help child beggars, begun in January, applauded the government's consistent efforts to help street children to resume a normal life."The notice definitely shows the government's determination to keep children away from begging or performing on the street.""However, seeing no vagrant children on the street doesn't mean all problems have been solved. The government should make more efforts to improve the social security network for children," he added.Ablikim has been working with a non-governmental organization in Urumqi of Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region that has helped about 300 children - originally from Xinjiang who turned up on the streets of more prosperous cities, begging and picking pockets - to reunite with their families or put them in child rescue centers.The 27-year-old Uygur volunteer, urged the police to carefully check the identities of adults who brought several children to the railway station or bus stops, as they could well be human traffickers.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Tobacco companies concealed the knowledge of radioactive substance in cigarettes from public for over four decades, a new study revealed.The revelation was made by a research team from the University of California, Los Angeles, published on Thursday in the online edition of the U.S. medical journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research.The researchers analyzed 27 timeworn documents and discovered that tobacco companies had knew the existence of polonium-210, a hazardous radioactive substance, in the tobacco since 1959.The companies studied polonium-210 throughout the 1960s, and concealed their findings about the carcinogenic potential of the radioactive substance.Hrayr Karagueuzian, the study's lead author, said the tobacco companies' deception surprised him.According to the revelation, the companies had knew the "cancerous growths" in the lungs of smokers, and even calculated how much radiation a regular smoker would inhale over 20 years.Karagueuzian and his team conducted again the study recorded in the tobacco documents and found that the radiation in cigarettes would cause up to 138 deaths for every 1,000 smokers over a period of 25 years.However, tobacco manufacturer denied that they had concealed the facts from the public.David Sutton, spokesman of Philip Morris, the largest U.S. tobacco company, said the polonium-210 was a "naturally occurring element in the air" and had been widely discussed by the public health community for years.