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Almost 85 percent of Chinese people share just 100 surnames, with Wang, which literally means "king", being the most popular, the Xinhua news agency said on Tuesday. There are 93 million Wangs in China, followed closely by 92 million people with the family name Li and 88 million called Zhang, Xinhua said, citing newly-announced calculations by the Ministry of Public Security. Another seven common names -- including Chen, Zhou and Lin -- have at last 20 million members each, it added. Chinese family names can be traced back thousands of years and people generally feel a closeness to those with the same surname. But there are also some family names which are only used by a very few people, such as Guo, meaning to "cross over", and Mu, which means "mother".

SINGAPORE: China and the United States plan to set up a defense hotline aimed at improving military relations, a top Chinese general said over the weekend. Zhang Qinsheng, deputy chief of the general staff of the People's Liberation Army, made the remarks at the plenary session of a three-day security summit known as the Shangri-La Dialogue. He said the issue of the hotline between the Chinese military and the US Defense Department would be settled when he visits the United States in September for the ninth Sino-US defense talks. Zhang also told the summit that China's defense budget is authentic. As the Chinese military gradually modernizes, some have raised questions over "military transparency", and voiced suspicions on China's defense budget. So it is necessary to clarify the matter, Zhang said. "In China, defense budgeting must follow a set of strict legal procedures, and the published budget is true and authentic," he said. He added that the increased proportion of the defense budget is mostly used to make up for inflation, improve the welfare of military personnel and logistics support. "Given the multiple security threats, the geo-political environment, the size of the territory, and per-capita expense, the Chinese defense expenditure is small by any yardstick," he added. He stressed that "China is gradually making progress in military transparency following the principles of trust, responsibility, security and equality". The annual Shangri-La Dialogue, named after the Singapore hotel at which the event has been held since its launch in 2002, and organized by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, opened on Friday. It gathered defense ministers and top officials from 26 countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region and Europe to address major regional security issues and defense cooperation. Also at the meeting, the US and China turned down the heat on a dispute over Beijing's military build-up, with US Defence Secretary Robert Gates expressing optimism about future relations. Gates downplayed past US rhetoric on China's military might. "As we gain experience in dealing with each other, relationships can be forged that will build trust over time," Gates said. China Daily - Agencies

Major travel agencies had cut prices of domestic group tours by an average 30 percent as of yesterday, as the weeklong National Day holiday approaches its conclusion.The discount trips cover some top attractions, including Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan Province, Lijiang in Yunnan Province, Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province and some spots in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Costs for outbound tours have also been cut.The prices of tours to Japan and the Republic of Korea have fallen by as much as 1,000 yuan (3), according to www.ctrip.com, a travel service company.The country's tourism market saw a peak yesterday, the National Holiday Office said in a statement.More than 90 percent of the hotel rooms in most tourist destinations were booked, the statement said.The office said the 119 scenic spots in its nationwide monitoring system had received 3.28 million tourists on Wednesday and 3.07 million yesterday.Beijing's mass transit railway system carried 3.74 million people during the first two days of the weeklong holiday, according to municipal metro authorities.The number was almost double the amount on a normal day.An official with the Beijing environmental sanitation group said tourists had left about a third of the garbage at Tian'anmen Square each day that they did last year.Sanitation workers cleared 26.6 tons of garbage from the square in the first two days of the holiday, compared with 80 tons last year.

Finance Minister Xie Xuren and his Japanese counterpart Fukushiro Nukaga have agreed to work jointly to end the controversy created by allegedly contaminated China-made dumplings.Chinese Finance Minister Xie Xuren (L) shakes hands with Japan's Finance Minister Fukushiro Nukaga at the latter's office in Tokyo, February 10, 2008. [Xinhua]At the first-ever ministerial-level meeting since the food scare in Japan, the two ministers vowed to "keep searching for the real cause" that made 10 people fall ill after eating the dumplings."We must cooperate in the investigation to get to the root of the problem and to prevent such an incident so that it doesn't become an obstacle to our friendship," Nukaga told reporters in Tokyo yesterday. "And he (Xie) said he completely agreed (with the idea)."The two also agreed to hold another dialogue next month in Tokyo. Xie was in Japan to attend expanded discussions and meetings of the Group of Seven financial ministers. Representatives of Russia, South Korea and Indonesia were also invited to the deliberations.The ministerial-level meeting came four days after Lunar New Year's Eve, when Chinese and Japanese officials met in Tokyo and said they were ready to cooperate in the investigation.China is willing to fully cooperate and share information with Japan, Li Chunfeng, head of the five-member Chinese delegation, told reporters after the third round of talks at the Japanese Cabinet Office on February 6.The country had set up a joint investigation team with Japan to get to the truth as soon as possible, Li said, calling for an objective attitude and scientific measures to solve the problem.A joint investigation team that on Tuesday inspected the plant of Tianyang Food, which made the dumplings, did not find any "abnormality" with the production process."The plant (in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei) is very clean and well managed, and no abnormality was detected," Japanese delegation chief Harashima Taiji said on Wednesday.Chinese and Japanese journalists, too, visited the plant, where production was suspended on January 30. The plant employs about 800 people.Also on Wednesday, Japanese Health Minister Yoichi Masuzoe said someone could have deliberately tried to contaminate the dumplings."Judging from circumstantial evidence, we'd have to think that it's highly likely to be a crime," Masuzoe said in Tokyo.Chinese police and law enforcers in Japan's Hyogo prefecture, where the 10 people fell ill, have already set up a joint task force to probe the case.In a joint announcement, Hyogo police said that after finding large amounts of the pesticide methamidophos on and small holes in some of the dumpling packages they suspected someone deliberately tried to poison the product.Tianyang reiterated it has never used methamidophos and that the dumplings were always packed immediately after coming off the production line.China Daily - Agencies

The national urban and township unemployment rate was reduced to 4 percent last year, thanks to the creation of more than 12 million jobs and despite more people entering the workforce, a top labor official said yesterday.The number of jobs created exceeded the target of 9 million set at the beginning of last year, Zhai Yanli, vice-minister of Labor and Social Security, said at a press conference.Zhai said that by the end of the year, 99.9 percent of the country's 869,000 former "zero employment" families had succeeded in finding work for at least one member.Last year saw the total urban and township unemployment rate fall by 0.1 percentage points for the third year in a row.During the period of economic restructuring in the late 1990s, the rate rose to a high of 6 percent.Zhai attributed the decline to the country's economic growth and measures to stabilize employment. He said the rate will be held within 4.5 percent this year.Every year for the past decade, China has posted double-digit GDP growth. Between 1978 and 2006, the number of urban and township jobs rose from 95.14 million to 283.1 million.But the country continues to face employment pressure, with 10 million people entering the workforce every year between now and 2010, according to official figures.At the same time, the move away from labor-intensive industries in line with efforts to upgrade the economy and improve productivity will also mean fewer jobs being created in those industries, Chen Liangwen, an economics researcher at Peking University, said.Research by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has suggested the government look to create more jobs in the country's tertiary, or service, industries.While these already account for about 39 percent of the country's total jobs, the ratio in many developed countries is between 50 and 60 percent.Zhai also said the ministry is mulling over a new salary regulation, to guarantee steady pay rises."The regulation has been drafted and is now soliciting advice. It will be submitted to the State Council for deliberation after certain legislative procedures," he said.Labor experts have said the new regulation, together with the newly implemented Labor Contract Law, have helped China enter a new era of employer-employee relations by offering more protection for workers.Wen Yueran, an expert in labor relations from Beijing's Renmin University of China, said low salaries were a major factor in accelerating China's economic growth over the past two decades.The country's total wage payments fell to 41.4 percent of GDP in 2005, compared with 53.4 percent in 1990, according to figures from the National Bureau of Statistics.Workers will need some hefty pay rises if China is to increase its wages-to-GDP ratio to the 55 percent level of most developed countries, Wen told the 21 Century Business Herald.Low wages and slow pay increases have had a negative impact on society and cooled consumption, Chen said.Steady and rational pay rises will help stimulate domestic consumption, which fell to a record low of 51.1 percent of GDP in 2006, Chen said.