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The first experimental COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S. is on track to begin a huge study next month to prove if it really can fend off the coronavirus, while hard-hit Brazil is testing a different shot from China.Where to do crucial, late-stage testing and how many volunteers are needed to roll up their sleeves are big worries for health officials as the virus spread starts tapering off in parts of the world.Moderna Inc. said Thursday the vaccine it is developing with the National Institutes of Health will be tested in 30,000 people in the U.S. Some will get the real shot and some a dummy shot, as scientists carefully compare which group winds up with the most infections.With far fewer COVID-19 cases in China, Sinovac Biotech turned to Brazil, the epicenter of Latin America’s outbreak, for at least part of its final testing. The government of S?o Paulo announced Thursday that Sinovac will ship enough of its experimental vaccine to test in 9,000 Brazilians starting next month.If it works, “with this vaccine we will be able to immunize millions of Brazilians,” said S?o Paulo′s Gov. Joao Doria.Worldwide, about a dozen COVID-19 potential vaccines are in early stages of testing. The NIH expects to help several additional shots move into those final, large-scale studies this summer, including one made by Oxford University that’s also being tested in a few thousand volunteers in Brazil.There’s no guarantee any of the experimental shots will pan out.But if all goes well, “there will be potential to get answers” on which vaccines work by the end of the year, Dr. John Mascola, who directs NIH’s vaccine research center, told a meeting of the National Academy of Medicine on Wednesday.Vaccines train the body to recognize a virus and fight back, and specialists say it’s vital to test shots made in different ways — to increase the odds that at least one kind will work.Sinovac’s vaccine is made by growing the coronavirus in a lab and then killing it. So-called “whole inactivated” vaccines are tried-and-true, used for decades to make shots against polio, flu and other diseases — giving the body a sneak peek at the germ itself — but growing the virus is difficult and requires lab precautions.The vaccine made by the NIH and Moderna contains no actual virus. Those shots contain the genetic code for the aptly named “spike” protein that coats the surface of the coronavirus. The body’s cells use that code to make some harmless spike protein that the immune system reacts to, ready if it later encounters the real thing. The so-called mRNA vaccine is easier to make, but it’s a new and unproven technology.Neither company has yet published results of how their shots fared in smaller, earlier-stage studies, designed to check for serious side effects and how well people’s immune systems respond to different doses.Even before proof that any potential vaccine will work, companies and governments are beginning to stockpile millions of doses so they can be ready to start vaccinating as soon as answers arrive.In the U.S., a program called “Operation Warp Speed” aims to have 300 million doses on hand by January. Under Brazil’s agreement with Sinovac, the Instituto Butantan will learn to produce the Chinese shot.___AP journalist Marcelo Silva de Sousa contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 3499

The coronavirus outbreak has disrupted 14 college football games scheduled for this week, five of which involving AP Top 25 teams.Among the games postponed, Texas A&M will sit out for the second straight week due to coronavirus cases. Texas A&M did not release any details on the number of cases involving the team. Last week, 15 Division I FBS games were canceled or postponed. Houston will have its fourth game this season disrupted this season, with this weekend’s game against SMU postponed. The Cougars had their first three contests of the season disrupted due to the virus. Houston would not say how many cases prompted the postponement.Here is a list of the games postponed or canceled this week:Ole Miss vs No. 5 Texas A&MGeorgia Tech vs No. 12 Miami (Fla.)Charlotte vs No. 15 MarshallNo. 22 Texas vs KansasCentral Arkansas vs No. 25 LouisianaOhio vs Miami (Ohio)Utah State vs WyomingUAB vs UTEPWake Forest vs DukeHouston vs SMUUL Monroe vs Louisiana TechUNLV vs Colorado StateNavy vs South FloridaArizona State vs Colorado 1052

The coronavirus pandemic has been responsible for more police officer deaths in the line of duty than any other cause combined in 2020, according to a non-profit dedicated to fallen police officers.According to the Officer Down Memorial Page, 101 police officers across the country have died after contracting COVID-19 while on the job. Eighty-two other police officers have been killed by other causes in the line of duty in 2020.A second non-profit, the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund (NLEOMF), lists around 110 officer deaths linked to COVID-19.Both Officer Down and NLEOMF only count officers who were known to contract the virus while in the line of duty and review each case before adding it to their count. Officer Down says it is reviewing an additional 150 fatal cases of COVID-19 that may be added to the count in the future."By the end of this pandemic, it is very likely that COVID will surpass 9/11 as the single largest incident cause of death for law enforcement officers," Officer Down executive director Chris Cosgriff told The Washington Post.Officer Down reports that 73 police officers died on Sept. 11, 2001 in the terrorist attacks, and more than 300 have died of cancer linked to recovery efforts in the years since.According to NLEOMF, the state with the most police officer deaths linked to COVID-19 is Texas, where 24 officers have died since the pandemic began. Another 12 police have died after contracting the virus in nearby Louisiana. Officer Down also reports that non-coronavirus related police officer deaths in the line of duty are down in 2020, despite widespread civil unrest. Thirty-one police have died from gunfire this year, the second-leading cause of death among officers in the line of duty. Another four officers have died as a result of "inadvertent" gunfire.President Donald Trump has repeatedly pushed the narrative that police officers across the country are under "assault" by left-wing activists throughout the 2020 presidential campaign.Earlier this year, Trump signed the Safeguarding America's First Responders Act of 2020, which offers federal benefits to the families of police officers killed by COVID-19. 2187

The Broadway League, the trade association that regulates theater performances in New York City, said Monday that all Broadway shows would be canceled through the end of 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic.The group says that those who have purchased tickets to shows before Jan. 3, 2021 will automatically receive an email detailing refund and exchange information."Every single member of our community is eager to get back to work sharing stories that inspire our audience through the transformative power of a shared live experience," Thomas Schumacher, the Broadway League's Chairman of the Board, said in a statement released Monday. "The safety of our cast, crew, orchestra and audience is our highest priority and we look forward to returning to our stages only when it’s safe to do so. One thing is for sure, when we return we will be stronger and more needed than ever.”“Our membership is working closely with the theatrical unions and in concert with key experts and some of the greatest minds inside and outside of the industry to explore protocols for all aspects of reopening. We are focused on identifying and implementing necessary measures that will enable us to resume performances safely for Broadway audiences and employees,” Charlotte St. Martin, the president of the Broadway League, said in a statement. “We are determined to bring back the people who rely on this industry for their livelihood, and to welcome back all those who love this vital part of New York City, as soon as it is safe to do so. "Broadway performances in New York shut down on March 12, the day before President Donald Trump declared the pandemic a national emergency. Last month, the Broadway League said it was canceling all performances through Sept. 6. 1759

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit people of color particularly hard, and one new study says that may be because of racial disparities in treating high blood pressure.According to the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions, one-third of disparities in treatment may be the result of racial inequalities in prescribing or increasing the dosage of new medications used in treating high blood pressure.The study found that blood pressure control rates are lower in Black patients compared to other racial groups. Black patients also had more missed opportunities for treatment and missed more clinic appointments."A doctor might think a patient is less likely less able to afford medications, and because of that, they choose to not prescribe a certain medication," said Dr. Valy Fontil, an assistant professor of medicine at UCSF and one of the researchers involved in the study. "Or, they might know this person doesn't have transportation to the clinic, and so sometimes it might even be well-intentioned."Fontil says more standardized treatment protocols would help eliminate the disparities and prevent missed opportunities to get someone the medication they need."Sometimes people present, and the main thing that they're there for is not for the blood pressure," he said. "So, the clinician just sort of kind of might ignore the blood pressure. So automating these sort of standardized treatments would tell the clinician that they — even if the patient's not here for blood pressure — you have to address it in some way."Previous studies have also shown Black patients have more apprehension about why someone is giving them more medication. Fontil says one solution is having the patient be part of the treatment decision making.Fontil adds that the increasing number of virtual visits for blood pressure issues could make the racial disparities even worse. 1876