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MOSCOW, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- Two Russian cosmonauts manually launched a mini satellite from the International Space Station ( ISS) during a six-hour spacewalk Wednesday, said the Mission Control center near Moscow.Sergei Volkov and Alexander Samokutyayev, who started the spacewalk with a 20-minute delay, found the 30-kg Kedr has lost one of its two antennas during its delivery to the ISS in January. After consulting with the Mission Control, they have decided to launch the device anyway, Interfax news agency reported.The Kedr satellite, which was made by Russian students, was created to transmit from the orbit greetings in 15 languages about the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's first space flight. It could also photograph the Earth and re-transmit information from the ISS equipment.During the spacewalk, the cosmonauts were expected to install new stream video equipment on the station's outer surface, and to take pictures holding photos of the founders of Russian space explorations, including Konstantin Tsiolkovski, Sergei Korolyov and Yuri Gagarin.

WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Monday commemorated the 90th birthday of astronaut John Glenn, the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth and also the oldest person to fly to space when he launched on the space shuttle in 1998."John Glenn is a legend, and NASA sends him our best wishes on this major personal milestone," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "John's legacy and contributions to the continued progress of human spaceflight are immense. His example is one we continue to emulate as we push toward farther destinations in the solar system."After a distinguished flying career with the Marines in World War II and Korea, Glenn joined NASA in 1959 as one of the country' s first astronauts in Project Mercury. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first U.S. manned orbital mission. He launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida to successfully complete three orbits of the Earth.Glenn flew to space again on the STS-95 mission in 1998 aboard the space shuttle Discovery. As a mission specialist, Glenn supported deployment of a variety of research payloads and participated in investigations about spaceflight and the aging process.

NAIROBI, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Thursday decried increased number of confirmed cholera cases in the Somalian capital Mogadishu, and growing reports of acute watery diarrhea in Kismayo and other crowded urban centers, saying an urgent multi-sector response to contain the spread of this highly contagious disease is being mounted.The UN health agency said has confirmed cholera in Banadir, Bay, Mudug and Lower Shabelle regions and the number of acute watery diarrhea cases has increased dramatically in the last few months.WHO Representative for Somalia Marthe Everard said combination of poor sanitation conditions, a shortage of safe water, overcrowding and high malnutrition rates, creates the perfect combination for infectious diseases, such as cholera and pneumonia, to spread and increase the number of deaths. "For the last few years, a network of health workers reporting to the early warning system is in place, however they report through a health facility or mobile clinic. Yet the large numbers of displaced people in Mogadishu are making it more difficult to record the various diseases," Everard said in a statement issued in Nairobi. "We urgently need more mobile clinics that will provide basic health care services to the many displaced and who will strengthen the reporting on new outbreaks. This is critical to our response and our ability to save lives."According to WHO, about seventy-five percent of all cases of acute watery diarrhea are children under the age of five.Since January this year, 4,272 cases of acute watery diarrhea/ cholera have been reported in Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu alone. However, at this stage most of the cholera cases in the various regions are contained and under control. "Our major concern is to monitor and detect new disease outbreaks in the many informal settlements set up by internally displaced people in and around Mogadishu", says Everard.Although cholera is endemic in the country, the last major cholera outbreak was in 2007 with an estimated 67,000 cases.WHO said recent efforts to cholrinate the water supply of Mogadishu, along with efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation have prevented a serious outbreak but with the large influx of some 100,000 people alone this year into Mogadishu, bringing the total number of IDPs in the capital to an estimated 470,000, many are living in overcrowded settlements, there is an acute shortage of safe water and adequate sanitation. "There is no need for a child to die of diarrhea, yet this is tragic reality for a Somali child, who is acutely malnourished. It is a lethal combination." said Rozanne Chorlton, UNICEF Representative for Somalia. "These types of diseases can be prevented and treated quickly, but to save children's lives we need to make sure safe water, sanitation and hygiene along with early access to primary health care, are an integral part of our emergency response."WHO said partners in the health and water and sanitation sectors are currently preparing for a potential 100,000 cholera cases including 80,000 moderate cases and 20,000 severe cases.Emergency diarrheal disease kits made up of medical supplies such as syringes, infusions, and oral rehydration fluids (ORS), already prepositioned by UNICEF and WHO have been sent to 13 hospitals.An additional 200 diarrheal disease kits, each able to treat 100 severe cases and 400 moderate cases are being procured and should be in Southern Somalia in the next few weeks, it said.In addition, WHO said, the case management of severe dehydration with and without malnutrition is being strengthened and focus is now on mobilizing a network of already trained community health promoters to move from door to door with health hygiene education messages. "Health posts will be stocked with essential medicines and ORS to identify and promptly treat patients. Many of Southern Somalia' s rural areas and urban centers rely on shallow wells, which unless protected or treated with chlorine can serve as the perfect breeding ground for water borne diseases," it said.To respond to this threat and prevent a major outbreak, the UN health agency said partners in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector are scaling up their actions to target 1.5 million people across high risk areas of the south.Supplies of chlorine and essential items for hygiene and household treatment and storage of water are being distributed.Already 217 water sources are being chlorinated and 58 water point outlets benefitting 483,200 residents and internally displaced people in Mogadishu.In addition, household hygiene supplies, including water purification tablets, soap and buckets, enough for 48,000 families, are being distributed at existing feeding centers for malnourished children.Campaigns to educate families about the treatment of drinking water, safe disposal of waste and encourage hand washing with soap will also be scaled up in high risk communities.As part of the updated 2011 UN Consolidated Appeal for Somalia, an estimated 80 million U.S. dollars is needed for the health sector and 78 million dollars is required for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector.So far, each sector has respectively raised 30 percent and 37 percent of the required money.

WASHINGTON, Sept. 15 (Xinhua) -- The rates of new lung cancer cases in the United States dropped among men in 35 states and among women in six states between 1999 and 2008, according to a report released Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Among women, lung cancer incidence decreased nationwide between 2006 and 2008, after increasing steadily for decades.The decrease in lung cancer cases corresponds closely with smoking patterns across the nation, the report said. In the West, where smoking prevalence is lower among men and women than in other regions, lung cancer incidence is decreasing faster. Studies show declines in lung cancer rates can be seen as soon as five years after smoking rates decline.The report also noted that states that make greater investments in effective tobacco control strategies see larger reductions in smoking; and the longer they invest, the greater the savings in smoking -- related health care costs. Such strategies include higher tobacco prices, hard-hitting media campaigns, 100 percent smoke-free policies, and easily accessible quitting treatments and services for those who want to quit."Although lung cancer among men and women has decreased over the past few years," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden in a statement. "too many people continue to get sick and die from lung cancers, most of which are caused by smoking. The more we invest in proven tobacco control efforts, the fewer people will die from lung cancer."Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke cause most lung cancer deaths in the United States.

BEIJING, Sep. 13 (Xinhuanet) --Experts have called for a national drug-control system after a nationwide deficit of a life-saving drug, which has lasted at least three months.Doctors at a Beijing hospital said some specialized hospitals, which perform hundreds of cardiac operations every month, have been paralyzed by their lack of protamine sulfate, which is commonly administered after heart surgery to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin.The earliest report of a shortage was in Hubei province on July 21. This was followed by reports of shortages in Guangdong, Shandong and Liaoning provinces.The Shandong newspaper, Qilu Evening News, quoted a regional sales manager, surnamed Zhuang, as saying the province had been allocated 150 doses of protamine sulfate after Shanghai No 1 Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Co Ltd recently resumed production of the drug."But its monthly use here is usually 10,000 doses," he said.The Ministry of Health has denied it is responsible for supplies of the drug and passed the buck to the State Food and Drug Administration, claiming the latter is responsible for the supervision of medicines.Shen Chen, head of the publicity office of the State Food and Drug Administration, said he was unaware of the shortage, but said the administration is responsible for the quality of medicines, not the supply."Development and reform authorities oversee the medicines' prices, while the industrial and commercial authorities oversee the storage. The food and drug departments only cover the approval and quality of medicines."Industry insiders said one of the reasons for the shortage was the low profit margin, which discourages companies from mass producing the drug."Some companies can't earn enough to recover their costs, therefore it is almost impossible to maintain their enthusiasm for continuing production," said Lu Guoping, secretary-general of the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Trade Association.Lu said the government should issue policies to prevent future shortages of such medicines to avoid possible nationwide public health incidents.Yi Shenghua, a lawyer at Beijing Yingke Law Firm, said the country should have a unified system to guarantee the normal supply of medicines that are widely used and drug manufacturers should fulfill their responsibilities to society, even though there is no law stipulating they should produce specific medicines.He came up with two ways to deal with the problem of companies only producing profitable drugs."The government can order businesses to manufacture a certain amount of cheap medicines. Or it can offer financial assistance to subsidize cheap, but life-saving medicines."

来源：资阳报