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coastline in the U.S. State of California sampled by the state water board harbored fish with mercury in such high concentrations that they shouldn't be eaten by young women and children, a newly released survey has found.Fourteen percent of locations had similarly elevated levels of PCBs, according to the survey published by The Los Angeles Times on Sunday.The most elevated concentrations of mercury and PCBs were found in San Francisco Bay and San Diego Bay, said the survey funded by the state water board.The findings, part of a two-year inquiry that is the largest statewide survey of contaminants in sport fish along the California coast, examined more than 2,000 fish from three dozen species gathered in 2009 from waters near Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego, the paper said.The survey highlights the health problem of lingering mercury, a poisonous metal that is found in fish globally, and of PCBs, toxic chemicals the United States banned in the 1970s, the report said.Both substances continue to pose a risk to people who eat fish caught along the California coast because they can lead to nervous system damage and developmental problems in children and can cause cancer, liver damage and reproductive harm, the report quoted researchers as saying."Unfortunately, we're not seeing many areas that are totally clean," said Jay Davis, a senior scientist for the San Francisco Estuary Institute and lead author of the study. But a catalog of where and in what fish the substances abound should help anglers make better choices, Davis said. "With good information, people can reduce their exposure significantly."Sharks had some of the highest levels of mercury because of their unusual tendency to accumulate contaminants in their flesh, while chub mackerel had the lowest levels of contamination, according to the survey.The survey results were used in part to help craft new fish consumption guidelines issued earlier this week for anglers in San Francisco Bay, the first update there by state health officials in 17 years. The advisory identifies shiner perch and other surf perches as unsafe to eat in any quantity and warns young women and children not to eat white sturgeon, striped bass and sharks caught in the bay, The Times said.The buildup of metals and other chemicals in fish is such a problem along the Southern California coast that health officials two years ago expanded the number of fish species on the "do not eat" list from one to five because of high levels of PCBs, mercury and the banned pesticide DDT, the report noted.

STOCKHOLM, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- Meat diet, a dietary habit popular in some developed countries, can produce more greenhouse gas and thus is likely to actually cause more impact on climate, said a Swedish study published Tuesday.According to Swedish Radio's Ekot news program, the meat diet, also known as Low Carb High Fat (LCHF) diet, doubled the greenhouse gas emission compared with the balanced diet recommended by the Swedish Food Administration.Many Swedish people have abandoned the diet habit of eating root vegetables and fruits, and switched to LCHF diets. The LCHF diet has more meat, fat and unusual greenhouse gas emission. But these root vegetables, such as potatoes and carrots, and other naturally grown vegetables can be planted with less greenhouse gas emission.The report also revealed that many of the LCHF diet advices are actually given by the researchers sponsored by meat industry.

LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- The critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Mekong River numbers just 85, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) new research revealed on Wednesday.Calf survival was found to be very low, leading researchers to conclude that the small population is declining and at high risk of extinction, said the Fund's statement sent to Xinhua News Agency on Wednesday.According to Li Lifeng, Director of WWF's Freshwater Program, the research is based on photographic identification of dolphins through individually unique features of their dorsal fins. "Most of the dolphins can be identified, and we use that information to estimate the population size," he said.Although this population estimate is slightly higher than the previous estimate, the researchers were quick to note that the population had not increased over the last few years."With a larger dataset and recent analytical advances, previously unidentifiable dolphins which had few marks on their dorsal fins have been included," he added.However, surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 show the population slowly declining."Evidence is strong that very few young animals survive to adulthood, as older dolphins die off and are not replaced," he explained."Pressures of gill net entanglement and high calf mortality we are really worried for the future of dolphins," Li said.However, Touch Seang Tana, chairman of Cambodia's Commission for Conversation and Development of the Mekong River Dolphins Eco- tourism Zone, rejected the WWF's finding, saying that last year, 4 dolphins were killed by fishing nets, but up to 7 newborn dolphin babies were found.He estimated that the total population of Mekong dolphins in the north-eastern provinces of Kratie and Stung Treng is between 155 and 177 now, up from just 100 in 2006.The Mekong River Irrawaddy dolphin has been listed as critically endangered on the World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species since 2004.

LOS ANGELES, June 20 (Xinhua) -- About 8 percent of children, or nearly 6 million in the U.S., have a food allergy, a much higher rate than previously estimated, a new study suggests.Not only is this estimate higher than some previous research has reported, allergic reactions are often severe and that many kids have more than one allergy, according to the study published online in Pediatrics on Monday.Of the children with confirmed (or probable) food allergies, about 39 percent had had severe reactions in the past, and 30 percent had more than one allergy, the study found.In the current study, researchers at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine surveyed parents of more than 38,000 children about whether their child had been diagnosed with a food allergy and had one or more of a number of symptoms, including anaphylaxis; swelling of the lips, eyes or face and skin rashes or hives.The study pinned down peanuts (25 percent of food-allergic children), milk (21 percent) and shellfish (17 percent) as the top three allergens.Severe reactions were most common among children with tree nut (more than 50 percent) and fin fish (more than 40 percent) allergies. The reactions were more likely among 14- to 17-year- olds compared with 0- to 2-year-olds, and more likely in children with multiple food allergies, the study found."These findings provide critical epidemiologic information to guide strategies for the prevention of food-induced reactions and for the diagnosis and management of childhood food allergies," the study noted.