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LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

BEIJING, Sept. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The city government called on residents to register their dogs on time and keep better control of them to fight the increasing number of rabies cases during a discussion of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress on Friday."As the number of dogs in the city rises, the number of dog bites is also going up," said Lei Decai, director of the rural affairs committee of the people's congress.Last year, more than 30,000 residents were bitten by dogs and nine died of rabies. As of June this year, six people have died of rabies, Lei said."The main problem lies in the registration of dogs," he said, adding that the number of unlicensed dogs in the city is unknown. A man takes his dog for a spin on the back of a motorized tricycle in a Beijing street last month. The city plans to strengthen management of dogs in the future in an effort to combat the spread of rabies, which can be fatal if it is not treated in timeAt the beginning of June, eight residents were attacked by dogs in Beijing's Olympic Forest Park.One of them, Zhao Haiyan, 56, a retiree, was bitten in her left leg as she walked in the park. The puncture wounds left her leg bleeding."An officer in the park brought me to a hospital to get vaccinated for rabies, and I had no idea who I could ask for compensation, because the dog was fed by workers in a construction site and had no registration," she told China Daily."Now I worry when I see an unleashed dog," she added.Zhao is not alone. Cao Lifang, also 56, has helped a friend care for a dog since February. Dabai, a 6-year-old male Samoyed, bit her in mid-June when she was trying to keep him from fighting another dog.The attack left a deep bite mark on Cao's left hand, and she had to take anti-rabies injections for more than a month.

BERLIN, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in Europe.According to a statement issued by the Agriculture Ministry of the Lower-Saxony state, 23 of 40 samples concerning the suspected sprouts from a market garden in the state have tested negative, and further tests are still pending."Based on the initial findings in tests of some of the samples, especially the seeds, we assume that intensive analytical efforts are needed to prove that the suspected pathogen is really there," the statement said.Beansprouts and salad sprouts are seen in this picture illustration taken in Berlin June 6, 2011.  The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in EuropeLower-Saxony's Agriculture Minister Gert Lindemann said Sunday that a market garden in the rural district of Uelzen had provided a connection "involving all the main outbreaks" of the disease.Restaurants and food outlets of almost all E. coli-affected areas had received shipments of sprouts directly or indirectly from the company, state officials said.The German authorities have been racing to track down the source of the pathogen since the outbreak, which has infected people in 12 countries, all of whom had once traveled in northern Germany.More than 600 of those infected have developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a potentially deadly complication attacking the kidneys.The E. coli source was first thought to be cucumbers from Spain, which has caused huge loses for Spain farmers. However, this conclusion was overthrown by laboratory tests in Hamburg later.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 29 (Xinhua) -- Apple has ousted Nokia as the world's largest smartphone maker as global mobile phone market grew more than 11.3 percent in the second quarter of 2011, according to two separate market research studies.After becoming the largest smartphone vendor in terms of revenue and profits, Apple has become the world's largest smartphone vendor by volume with 18.5 percent market share, said the latest research from Strategy Analytics released on Friday.The Cupertino, California-based company sold 20.3 million iPhones in the second quarter,up 142 percent compared with the same period a year earlier.Samsung's shipments of 19.2 million units grew a huge 520 percent year over year, accounting for 17.5 percent global smartphone market share in the second quarter of 2011.Apple and Samsung overtook long-time volume leader Nokia for the two spots. The Finnish mobile phone giant accounted for 15.2 percent of global smartphone market share in the last quarter, which is less than half of what it was just one year earlier.In the second quarter of 2010, Nokia was the No.1 smartphone maker by volume in the world with 38.1 percent of market share. The industry is now waiting Nokia's pending transition to Windows Phone 7.According to a separate report by International Data Corporation (IDC) released on Thursday, the worldwide mobile phone market grew by 11.3 percent year over year in the second quarter of 2011 despite a decline of the feature phone market for the first time in almost two years.The feature phone market was down by 4 percent in the last quarter, said the IDC Worldwide Mobile Phone Tracker report. It noted that the decline in shipments was mainly in economically mature regions, such as the United States, Japan and Western Europe, as users making rapid transition to smartphones.The shrinking feature phone market had a great impact on some of the world's largest suppliers of mobile phones, such as Nokia, which is losing share in the feature phone category to low-cost suppliers, said the report.For the overall market, global mobile phone vendors shipped 365. 4 million units in the second quarter, compared to 328.4 million units in the same period last year, with Nokia still holding the top spot with a market share of 24.2 percent, followed by Samsung, LG Electronics, Apple and ZTE.But the 11.3 percent growth was lower than IDC's forecast for the quarter and also below the 16.8 percent growth in the first quarter of 2011.IDC said the feature phone forecast isn't expected to be any rosier in the future and the shipment growth of feature phones won 't exceed 1.1 percent in the coming years.

BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A "lean gene" that helps people keep slim was found closely related to diabetes and heart disease, according to a study pulished in Nature Genetics journal on Sunday.The scientists from Britain’s Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit conducted the study.After comparing the genetic codes of more than 75,000 people, a gene called IRS1 was spotted as the decisive factor to lower the fat level in human body.But in further study, IRS1 was found putting people to a 20 percent higher risk of developing heart disease and type-2 diabetes.The study warned that people who appear slim and fit might be also at risk.But scientists suggest that the study results did not change the general message for most people."While this study pointed to genes as one factor in determining the risk of developing these conditions, it was important to remember that lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, cutting out smoking and maintaining a healthy weight also play a vital role in reducing the risk," said Ruth Loos, who led the study.