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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- We’ve known for a while that COVID-19 hits people over 65 especially hard, but a study published Wednesday from researchers in San Diego offers new insight into why that happens.The numbers are staggering: if you’re 65 or older, your risk of winding up in the hospital from COVID-19 is five to 11 times higher than someone under 30. Your risk of death is at least 90 times higher, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology say the reason why older people fare so much worse appears to be from a lack of T-cells, a type of white blood cell that can decline with age.“Some viruses get controlled by one part of the immune system. Some viruses get controlled by another. In this case it seems that T-cells really do a lot of the work,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, one of the authors of the study published Wednesday in the journal Cell.Dr. Crotty and his colleagues looked at 50 people infected with the virus, and they measured the three elements of the adaptive immune system in detail: antibodies, helper T-cells and killer T-cells.Then they compared the measurements to how people fared against the virus. Some patients in the study group had severe cases, others had mild infections.The researchers found that people with all three branches of the adaptive immune system tended to fully recover. People with severe cases of the virus often lacked one or more of the immune branches, and it was particularly evident in older people.“Our data indicated that of the older individuals, it was particularly the ones that had fewer T-cells to start that look like they really struggled to control this virus,” Dr. Crotty said.As we age, we have fewer T-cells to send after invading pathogens. “That collection of T-cells gets smaller. So it’s harder to recognize a new virus,” Crotty said.Among the 748 deaths in San Diego County reported as of Wednesday, 87% were people aged 60 and older.The findings from LJI may have implications in the search for a vaccine against COVID-19. The data suggests that vaccine-makers may want to target a drug that elicits all three branches of the immune response, Dr. Crotty said. Some vaccine approaches, such as inactivated virus vaccines, only elicit two of three branches, not killer T-cells. However, Crotty said it was too soon to rule any candidates. Two strong branches produced by a vaccine could potentially cover for the lack of a third, he said.Crotty said the findings could help vaccine-makers interpret results from the clinical trials and find the right dosing.“Is a given vaccine a good vaccine, and you just need a booster immunization?” he said. “Does it work well in one population but it doesn’t help in the elderly because it doesn’t generate a T-cell response, for example? Those are the scenarios when this type of knowledge will come into play.” 2906
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — UC San Diego Health and three other UC Health medical centers will begin to recruit participants for an antiviral drug being tested to treat the novel coronavirus.The medical system will start "phase II" clinical trials for the antiviral drug remdesivir. The drug has "shown activity in animal models and human clinical trials of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola, Marburg and other viruses," according to UCSD Health.RELATED: San Diego hospitals start drives for personal protective equipmentRemdesivir is not currently approved for the treatment of any infection by the FDA, but is currently undergoing trials for treating multiple viruses, including COVID-19.“With this type of adaptive study design, if remdesivir proves to be safe and active, the clinical trial may be rapidly adapted to remove the requirement for a placebo arm and add a treatment arm that includes other promising antiviral or other investigational drug to compare with the activity of remdesivir," said co-principal investigator Constance Benson, professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine and an infectious disease specialist at UC San Diego Health.RELATED: Nurse urges people to turn over N95 masks to San Diego hospitalsUC San Francisco, UC Irvine Health, and UC Davis Health are also participating in the trials. The trial is projected to run until April 1, 2023 and involve 440 participants. 1404

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- With COVID-19 pandemic-related regulations in effect across California, San Diego County leaders are putting together a task force to make sure local businesses following proper guidelines.County Supervisor Greg Cox announced the county’s plan for a “Safe Reopening Compliance Team,” which will assist businesses as they navigate how to safely operate during the pandemic.“This is going to be the carrot approach, not the stick approach. But I emphasis we still have the stick and other tools available to us and we will use them if necessary,” Cox said.The team will also help with the businesses that don’t seem to be complying with the new rules.Though county leaders haven’t spelled out exactly what role this team will play in enforcing the rules, the county has already received many public complaints about these types of businesses.Erick Hudson, a head coach from CrossFit Humanity, said it’s frustrating to hear about these complaints as they try to adhere to the rules that everyone is being asked to follow.“If a business is just blatantly ignoring the rules, a lot of people congregating without those masks, without having to socially distance, then it’s like who knows how much longer this situation is going to last,” said Hudson.The county has not released a timeline as to when this team will hit the streets. 1354
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Voters in San Diego County will have fewer places to vote in person for the 2020 Presidential Election, but officials say they've increased the opportunities people have to make sure their vote counts.On Wednesday, the county released the final list of 235 "Super Poll" locations, where people can vote in person. Every voter will be assigned to one of those polls.That's down from around 1,600 polling places during the primary."Certainly our world has been upended when it comes down to all things elections," says Michael Vu, the County Registrar of Voters.Vu told ABC 10News the county had to do fewer, larger polling sites to accommodate for social distancing required by coronavirus guidelines. But, he adds that voters will have four days to cast their ballot in person.Those Super Poll locations will be open on Oct. 31, Nov. 1, and Nov. 2 from 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. On Election Day, they'll be open from 7 a.m. - 8 p.m.Even with the extra days and hours for in-person voting, Vu says the best option for voters is to use the mail-in ballot that every registered voter in San Diego will receive around Oct. 6."We, in our county, have had a tradition and culture of voting by mail," says Vu, noting that 76.5% of all registered voters already signed up to be a permanent mail ballot voter.Vu says he has complete confidence that the post office will deliver ballots to voters and return them to the Registrar on time.For people who don't want to put their ballot in the mail, the Registrar is also setting up 126 ballot-drop off sites across the county. Those will be available starting Oct. 6.With 1.86 million registered voters in San Diego County, Vu says this year's election was like putting together a jigsaw puzzle. But he's confident everything will run smoothly for the election.For more information about the upcoming election, or to find your assigned polling place or closest drop-off box, go to the Registrar of Voters website. 1968
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Tuesday marked the the 10-year anniversary of one of the most chilling murders in the history of San Diego County.Chelsea King, 17, was raped and murdered by a registered sex offender as she was out for jog around Lake Hodges in 2010.Today, her family launched a nationwide organization called "Protect the Joy" that will work to protect children.RELATED: A decade later, remembering Chelsea King and Amber DuboisLife changed for Brent King and his wife Kelly a decade ago. Their only daughter was missing out for a run then, nowhere to be found."You can't breathe. Your whole body is shaking, your chest is as tight as it's ever been," Brent King said. "You can't be in enough places at once. Every horrible thought is running through your mind as to whats happening … you know ... Where's my little girl?"After five excruciating days came the most brutal news of all. Chelsea's body was found buried in brush along the banks of Lake Hodges. "The hardest memory I have is the day that Sheriff Johnson pulled me aside and told me what had happened. And I then shared that with Kelly and Tyler," King said. "That was the hardest moment for me of my life. To not only to understand what had happened to my little girl, but then to have to share that with the two people that I care for the most." The community came together in sadness. Within weeks thousands gathered to finish Chelsea's run. It would become an annual event for the next eight years. The King family established the Chelsea's Light Foundation. To date, it's awarded over 0,000 in scholarships to local students. California lawmakers passed Chelsea's Law, which established stricter penalties for sex crimes against children.But the Kings aren't done. They're launching an organization called Protect the Joy to work on passing legislation to protect children across the country."[It's] really an umbrella organization that will work on passing legislation that will protect our kids from all those things out there," King added. All those things that threaten the safety of children, everything from gun violence, opioid abuse, sexual predators, and bullying. King says the new group will work with communities to pass laws to protect children. A lofty goal, he acknowledges."Well Chelsea always tells us to go big or home. And if you are going to do something than do it right. Do it all the way," King said.King says he's learned over the course of his time grieving that he can find joy in people's eyes, in being connected with others and trusting in the good of people. But as he sets out to grow the organization, he struggles to change policy will not be his only burden."The hard days for me is when I have to attend a wedding," King said. "Those things that a dad and a mom get to do with their kids that Kelly and I don't get to do." 2841
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