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BEIJING, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President and member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Political Bureau Xi Jinping Friday conferred certificates on graduates of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.     Xi, also a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, heads the school.     Politburo member and director of the CPC Central Committee Organization Department Li Yuanchao and Ling Jihua, director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, both members of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, also attended the graduation ceremony.     The ceremony marked the graduation of 577 Party officials from the Central Party School and more than 2,600 graduates from the school's branches.     The Party School of the CPC Central Committee is the highest institution for training high- and middle-ranking party officials and Maxist theoreticians. The School's history dates back to the school of Marxism and Communism set up in March 1933.

BEIJING, Oct. 28 (Xinhua) -- The 11th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, China's top legislature, concluded its fifth session on Tuesday after passing new laws and international treaties.     It adopted an amendment to the fire control law and passed a law designed to protect state-owned assets from being illegally seized.     The session also ratified a bilateral treaty on extradition with Portugal.     The 21-article treaty was signed by Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui and Portuguese Foreign Minister Louis Amado in Beijing on Jan. 31, 2007.     The top legislature session also ratified an amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment, and the Protocol thereto on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment.     NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo said the legislature would continue working on an amendment to the country's law on food safety, which is being revised following a nationwide toxic milk scandal.     The session publicized a draft of amended law on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction to receive suggestions from all circles.     Wu Bangguo said at the session that to promote the judicial fairness and public supervision is a long-term task and called for more efforts in this regard.     He urged lawmakers to live up to their responsibilities to provide more useful and effective advices or suggestions to the top legislature, including those on macro-control of the economy.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

BEIJING, Dec. 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Wednesday called for a healthy development of the country's real estate market at an executive meeting of the State Council, or the Cabinet.     A document released after the meeting said the recently-adopted domestic demand expansion and economic stimulus policies had positive impact on the property market. Trading volumes in some cities were picking up.     At present, efforts should be made to keep market-oriented in developing real estate, step up building of houses for low-income families, encourage housing transactions and maintain a reasonable scale of real estate development.     The document said governments would spend three years to build houses for 7.5 million low-income families in urban areas and 2.4 million households in shanty towns in forests, reclamation areas and coal mines. They would also continue renovating aged buildings in rural areas.     The central government would keep financing these building and renovating projects, offer higher subsidies for the less developed central and western regions and carry out pilot projects in some area to test the feasibility of supporting construction with idle funds in local housing provident fund accounts.     In a bid to encourage transaction, second-home buyers, with per-capita room-at-home lower than the local average, would be allowed to enjoy favorable policies for first-time house buyers.     Tax on house transactions would also be reduced next year. Homeowners who had lived-in for more than two years would be exempted from a transaction tax, which had been levied on houses lived in for less than five years. For those who had lived-in for less than two years, the base of tax would be transaction price minus the original price.     Banks should lend to developers of low-price apartments, especially those under construction, and offer services for mergers by credible developers.     The central government demanded local authorities keep a close eye on the real estate market, find new problems in time and step up supervision on use of subsidies and quality of construction projects.

LIMA, Nov. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao put forward proposals for dealing with major issues in international economic and social development and tackling the ongoing global financial crisis at the 16th APEC economic leaders' meeting here on Saturday. 　　ADDRESSING INT'L PROMINENT ISSUES     Hu presented five proposals for addressing the prominent issues in international economic and social development.     First, APEC member economies should build consensus and promote sound development of the multilateral trading regime, Hu said.     "A fair and open multilateral trading regime is conducive to the steady growth of regional and global trade, to the sound growth of the world economy and to the benefits of all parties," he said.     "We should have strong confidence in the multilateral trading regime and give strong support to the Doha Round negotiations," he added.     Second, APEC member economies should take up responsibilities and jointly tackle climate change, he stressed.     All parties should, in keeping with the requirement of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities," actively conduct negotiations for the implementation of the "Bali Roadmap" and take effective policy measures in light of their respective conditions to mitigate climate change.     Third, exchanges and cooperation should be conducted and efforts joined to combat natural disasters, Hu said.     In order to increase exchanges and cooperation in disaster response in the Asia-Pacific region, China has put forward the APEC Principles on Disaster Response and Cooperation this year, he said.     "It is also our hope that APEC members will consider carrying out long-term cooperation projects in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction so as to deepen APEC cooperation in disaster prevention and relief," he added.     Fourth, regulation and guidance should be enhanced and corporate social responsibility strengthened, he said.     "An important lesson we have learned from the ongoing financial crisis is that while trying to maximize economic returns, enterprises should follow a prudent, well-thought-out and responsible approach in market operations," he added.     Fifth, APEC members should take coordinated actions and ensure world food and energy security, Hu emphasized.     "We should, following the principle of common development, actively and effectively coordinate our policies and resort to a variety of joint measures to safeguard world food and energy security," he said.     "We should establish and act on a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diverse forms of development and common energy security through coordination," he added.     TACKLING FINANCIAL CRISIS     "The rapidly-spreading international financial crisis, with its extensive impact, constitutes the most severe challenge confronting world economic growth," Hu said.     It is a major and urgent task for all countries and regions to deal effectively with financial risks, maintain international financial stability and promote world economic development, he added, lodging three proposals.     First, to curb the worsening financial crisis, all countries should take prompt and effective measures, enhance macroeconomic policy coordination, improve information sharing, help each other as much as possible, and employ all necessary fiscal and monetary means to stop the spread and development of the financial crisis, bring stability to global financial markets, stimulate economic growth, minimize the damage of the financial crisis on the real economy and avoid a global economic recession.     Second, the international community should earnestly draw lessons from the ongoing financial crisis and, based on full consultations among all stakeholders, undertake necessary reform of the international financial system in a comprehensive, balanced, incremental and result-oriented way, with a view to establishing anew international financial order that is fair, just, inclusive and orderly and fostering an institutional environment conducive to sound global economic development.     "The reform of the international financial system should both reflect the general law and principles of financial regulation and take into account the specific development stage and unique features of different economies," he said.     It should seek a balance among the interests of all parties and reflects, in particular, the interests of emerging markets and developing countries, he added.     Third, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to change those models of economic growth that are not sustainable and to address the underlying problems in member economies.     "We should also pay adequate attention to the impact of the financial crisis on the developing world and provide necessary support to relevant countries to help them maintain growth momentum," he pointed out. 　　APEC'S FURTHER DEVELOPMENT     On APEC's development, President Hu said China is ready to work with other APEC members to promote its further development.     Since its launch almost 20 years ago, APEC has done a great deal in promoting trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and economic and technical cooperation, thus making positive contribution to regional economic integration and the building of an Asia-Pacific family, President Hu said.     The host of major reform measures adopted within the APEC framework in recent years have improved APEC's organizing and coordinating capabilities and significantly enhanced the dynamism and efficiency of APEC cooperation, Hu said.     To promote the further development of APEC, "we should maintain the nature of APEC as a forum for economic cooperation and its approach of conducting cooperation on a non-binding basis, as this best suits the diversity prevailing in the Asia-Pacific," the Chinese president said.     He said that the APEC members should continue to promote balanced progress in economic and technical cooperation and trade and investment liberalization.     "In particular, we should increase input in economic and technical cooperation to enhance capacity-building in developing members and narrow the development gap."     Hu arrived here on Wednesday for a state visit to Peru and the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).     The APEC economic leaders' meeting opened in Lima on Saturday to discuss such issues as the ongoing global financial crisis, the Doha Round trade talks and food security.     The two-day meeting would also discuss the APEC regional economic integration, corporate social responsibility, human security, APEC institutional reform, trade and investment, structural reform, anti-corruption and transparency, economic and technical cooperation, and climate change.