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BEIJING, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- China's economic diplomacy will face growing challenges in the form of trade and exchange rate disputes, as well as the task of protecting overseas investment interests, over the next few years, experts said on Sunday.Next year will be an election year for the Unite States and France, and there is an increasing possibility for the two countries to use the "China threat" as an excuse for not dealing with their own economic issues, which will put Chinese diplomacy under pressure, said Ding Yifan, deputy director of the Institute of World Development of the Development Research Center of the State Council at a seminar on Chinese diplomacy.During the first half of 2012, several countries will remain in a grave debt crisis and may even see their crises deepen, Ding said, adding that this situation may create friction between China, the United States and Europe.Additionally, protecting China's growing overseas investments will pose new challenges for the country's diplomacy, Ding said.Chen Fengying, director of the Institute of World Economic Studies under the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, agreed that the protection of China's overseas investment interests will be an important task for Chinese diplomacy.During the past three decades, China has invested in more than 170 countries and regions, with outbound direct foreign investment topping 170 billion U.S. dollars.In the past 30 years, China has been focused on "bringing in" foreign investment; it may do more to facilitate its "going out" in the future, Chen said.Chinese economic diplomacy will serve the country's economic construction and the protection of its overseas interests, national interests and security, Chen said, adding that China's position in the world is closely related to its economic diplomacy.Chen said China has made several achievements in international economic governance, reflected by China's growing influence in the international arena and the posts held by Chinese officials in important international organizations.

WELLINGTON, Oct. 17 (Xinhua) -- Parents wanting to help their children avoid asthma and other allergies are being told to give their toys a frosty reception by sticking them in the freezer.Medical scientists in New Zealand and Taiwan have discovered that freezing children's soft toys can kill almost all house dust mites (HDMs), the microscopic bugs associated with a range of allergies, including asthma.Other effective remedies for killing HDMs, commonly found in children's soft toys, were tumble drying and washing with eucalyptus oil and detergent, the scientists from New Zealand's University of Otago and Taiwan's Changhua Christian Hospital found.HDMs were strongly associated with the development of asthma in children, and the severity of asthma was in proportion to the number of house dust mites a child was exposed to when sleeping with soft toys, said a statement from the university Monday."Children frequently sleep with their favorite toys close to their airways and this may be important for HDM-sensitized asthmatic children," said University of Otago Associate Professor Rob Siebers.The scientists tested the three different cleaning methods on 36 toys divided into three groups of 12.Freezing toys for at least 16 hours at minus 15 degrees centigrade resulted in a 95-percent reduction of HDMs, as did soaking in an emulsion of eucalyptus oil and liquid detergent for one hour before rinsing and drying.Hot tumble drying for one hour reduced mites by 89 percent, the study found."Washing and soaking with eucalyptus oil and detergent is very effective in not only reducing live mites, but also reducing house dust mite allergens, compared to freezing and tumble drying," said Siebers.Ten of the 12 toys cleaned this way showed no live mites at all.Siebers said all three methods were more effective than just washing toys, because water needed to be above 55 degrees centigrade to kill HDMs, but this usually damaged the toys."My advice for parents is to either tumble dry for one hour, or freeze the soft toy overnight, and then wash it in a cold wash to remove any allergens."Siebers said the thickness of the material used in making the toys could alter the effectiveness of the three methods.The scientists would conduct further research to determine how quickly HDMs recolonized soft toys and how often toys should be treated.The study has been published in the European journal, Paediatric Allergy and Immunology.

UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- Dramatic progress in science, political leadership, and results indicate that 2011 was a "game changing" year for the international AIDS response, and much progress has been made in 2011 to check AIDS-related deaths since 1997, the peak of the epidemic, a new report released by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) said on Monday."The Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2011" found that new infections were reduced by 21 percent since 1997, and deaths from AIDS-related illnesses decreased by 21 percent since 2005, according to the report.Furthermore, 47 percent (6.6 million) of the estimated 14.2 million people eligible for antiretroviral therapy treatment in low- and middle-income countries were accessing treatment, in increase of 1.35 million people since 2009.The report also found early signs that HIV treatment is having an impact on reducing the number of new HIV infections. As treatment reduces the viral load of a person living HIV to almost undetectable levels, it also reduces the risk of transmitting the virus to an uninfected partner, according to the report. Studies also show that treatment can be up to 96 percent effective in preventing HIV transmission among couples.Eleven countries, including many Sub-Saharan African countries, reached "close to universal access" for AIDS treatment, which is determined to be 80 percent access, in 2011.Botswana made the most dramatic progress in scaling up access to treatment, the report said. While sexual patterns remained relatively stable in the country since 2000, access to treatment increased from less than 5 percent in 2000 to more than 80 percent in 2011.Despite progress, however, the report does note that 2011 marks an unprecedented high the number of people infected with HIV worldwide.Globally, an estimated 34 million people are currently living with the infection. Approximately 2.7 million got infected with the virus in 2010, and as many as 1.8 million people died of AIDS- related illnesses in 2010.Yet the report also notes estimates that as many as 2.5 million deaths are estimated to have been averted in low- and middle- income countries due to increased access to HIV treatment since 1995."Now is not the time to reduce our efforts despite some good news on reducing new infections. Infections are decreasing, but not rapidly enough," said Kim Nichols, executive director of African Services Committee, on Monday at a press conference."There are fewer AIDS deaths, but with the number of infections increasing, prevention has to be the mainstay of our response," Nichols said.Indeed, the UNAIDS report calls for a new framework for investments which are focused on "high-impact, evidence-based, high-value strategies," according to a press release from the UNAIDS website.The framework, which aims to achieve universal access to treatment and prevention centers by 2015, requires a 22-24 billion US dollar funding increase by 2015.Given the withering state of the global economy -- donor funding for the AIDS response has dropped from 7.6 billion in 2009 to 6.9 billion in 2010 -- raising that kind of money may be a long shot. Regardless, UNAIDS'new investment plan calls for smarter uses of less money.According to the report, the framework will focus on high-risk populations like sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs and prevent infections among children, as well as invest in behavior change programs, condom promotion, and treatment, care and support for people living with HIV."The world faces a clear choice: maintain current efforts and make incremental progress, or invest smartly and achieve rapid success in the AIDS response," says the UNAIDS report.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's quality watchdog said Friday that the latest checks by testing organizations did not find excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk products made by Chinese dairies.The special checks were launched after the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reported on Dec. 23 that two batches of milk products made by two separate domestic dairies, including heavyweight Mengniu Dairy Group, were found to contain high levels of the cancer-causing toxin.A brief statement on the government agency's website Friday said the checks have covered major makers, including Mengniu, Yili Industrial Group, Bright Dairy, and Sanyuan Food.An AQSIQ official said earlier the toxin had originated from cows eating mildewed feed, citing reviews by experts. The toxin would disappear if the animals stop eating the rotten feed, the official said.Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that commonly grows on crops such as grain and peanuts. High levels of the toxin may lead to cancer in some animals.

BERLIN, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Researchers in Germany have found a cheap and easy way to synthesize anti-malaria drug in large quantities from waste materials, said the Max Planck Society on Tuesday.Currently there are nearly one million people die worldwide each year due to lack of effective drugs, as sweet wormwood, from which artemisinin, the effective essence to fight malaria can be extracted, only grows in China, Vietnam and a few other countries.However, researchers in Germany have now developed a simple process for the synthesis of artemisinin in laboratory, using artemisinic acid, a substance contained in the by-product, or waste materials of the isolation of artemisinin from sweet wormwoods, as row materials of synthesizing artemisinin."The production of the drug is therefore no longer dependent on obtaining the active ingredient from plants," said Peter Seeberger, director at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam and professor at Free University of Berlin.The artemisinic acid in the waste material boasts a volume 10 times greater than the active ingredient itself, said Seeberger, and they could be turned into artemisinin in four and a half minutes in a so-called continuous-flow reactor.Seeberger estimated that 800 of the reactors would be enough to cover the global requirement for artemisinin, and the whole innovative synthesis process could be ready for technical use in three to six months.Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655,000 deaths, mostly among African children.