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CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

BANJUL, June 24 (Xinhua) -- Deputies at the Gambian National Assembly (parliament) on Friday passed a new bill entitled the "Food Safety and Quality Bill 2011".Under the new act, food operators are obliged to ensure food safety, quality production, processing and distribution within the business under their control and that their products must satisfy the requirements and regulations as demanded.Submitting the motion before deputies, Vice President and Minister for Women Affairs Isatou Njie-Saidy warned that the well- being of "our citizenry is at stake.""Giving our continuous drive to place health care on top of our development agenda, we call on all and sundry to join the bandwagon in the implementation of this bill," she said.She told deputies that the bill and the establishment of the Gambia Food Safety and Quality Authority is consistent with the regulation worked out by the West African bloc ECOWAS on the health and safety of plants, animals and food in the region.The Gambia Food Safety and Quality Authority being established by this bill will be the sole national competent authority having unitary responsibility for food safety and quality, she declared."In order to achieve the general objectives of a high level of protection of human health and life, measures applied under this Act shall be based on risk assessment," she added.

BEIJING, July 17 (Xinhua) -- China's land prices in 105 cities rose 1.87 percent on average in the second quarter over the first, but the rate of growth slowed, the China Urban Land Price Dynamic Monitor, a land price information provider, announced Sunday. < In the second quarter, land price for business properties averaged 5,506 yuan (about 847 U.S. dollars) per square meter, up 2.77 percent from the previous quarter. The growth rate slowed by 0.56 percentage points.Land price for residential properties averaged 4,443 yuan per square meter, up 2.17 percent. The growth slowed by 0.27 percentage points. The price for industrial uses, meanwhile, was up 1.13 percent to reach 645 yuan per square meter. The growth fell 0.3 percentage points.The country's three most prosperous regions, the Yangtze River Delta Region, Pearl River (Zhujiang) Delta Region, and the Bohai Rim, all reported slower land price growth in the second quarter.

HONG KONG, July 19 (Xinhua) -- A gene controlled by male hormone was critical for the growth of liver tumor, leading to a higher incidence of the disease in men than in women, according to the Chinese University of Hong Kong which made the results public on Tuesday.There is a significant gender bias in liver cancer incidence. In Hong Kong, men are three times more likely to develop liver cancer than women. Such phenomenon prompted researchers from the university to carry out a genomic location analysis in liver cancer cells starting from 2008.The researchers discovered, out of 17,000 human genes, that a gene called Cell Cycle-Related Kinase (CCRK) was directly controlled by androgen receptor. They further found that CCRK was critical for the induction of signaling pathway leading to abnormal liver cell growth and tumor formation.The results also reveal that 70 percent of patients with liver cancer were found to produce high levels of CCRK. More importantly, these patients were more likely to have late-stage cancers and lived shorter than those with low CCRK level.Using mouse models, the researchers found that either lowering the level or blocking the signaling pathway of CCRK in liver cancer cells could significantly reduce the tumor growth rate.The study has validated that CCRK is an important gene that has potential to cause liver cancer and the gene can be tested as a new targeted therapy in future.Vice-Chancellor of the university Joseph Sung, who is also team leader of the research project, said the results explained why men have a higher risk of liver cancer than women and helped push ahead with the development of a novel treatment of the disease.The above study results were published online in July in Journal of Clinical Investigation.

CANBERRA, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- A team of Australian and U.S. scientists on Wednesday said they discovered a genetic defect, which can lead to Leigh syndrome, a rare disorder which affects the central nervous syndrome.The scientists tested more than 1000 genes by encoding proteins active in two individuals who suffer from the illness. They used a new technique known as next-generation DNA sequencing to examine the genes.The gene they discovered encodes an enzyme which is found in the mitochondria which are subsets of cells. Without this enzyme the mitochondria do not translate proteins efficiently, and this then causes Leigh syndrome.According to David Thorburn, from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, the discovery shows the enormous potential of the new technology."These findings demonstrate the ability of sequencing technologies to improve diagnosis," Professor Thorburn said in a statement released on Wednesday."Although it isn't clear in the case of Leigh syndrome whether the precise molecular diagnosis will necessarily lead to therapies, the current findings represent a meaningful service."He added that diagnosis of the disease along with its specific genetic cause can also be informative about the risk a couple has of having another affected child. The diagnostic information can help in decisions about whether and how to pursue alternative means of having children, for instance through the use of donor sperm or eggs.The research team consisted of scientists from Australia's Murdoch Institute as well as the Broad Institute in the U.S.In Leigh syndrome, infants are born apparently healthy only to develop movement and breathing disorders that worsen over time, often leading to death by the age of three. The problem is that the mitochondria responsible for powering their cells cannot keep up with the demand for energy in their developing brains.

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