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States and regional health departments have created a patchwork of COVID-19 precautions and safety measures this holiday season. One challenge all of them face is enforcement.In Oregon, the governor is asking people to call the cops on their neighbors if they see people violating COVID-19-related restrictions like gathering sizes.“Do you want people calling the police on their neighbors?” a reporter from KGW asks Governor Kate Brown.“Look, this is no different than what happens if there’s a party down the street and it’s keeping everyone awake. What do neighbors do? They call law enforcement,” Governor Brown responds. 633

Starting Social Security early typically means getting a smaller benefit for the rest of your life. The penalty is steep: Someone who applies this year at age 62 would see their monthly benefit check reduced by nearly 30%.Many Americans have little choice but to accept the diminished payments. Even before the pandemic, about half of retirees said they quit working earlier than they’d planned, often due to job loss or health issues. Some have enough retirement savings to delay claiming Social Security, but many don’t. And now, with unemployment approaching Depression-era levels, claiming early may be the best of bad options for older people who can’t find a job.But the penalty for early filing, and the bonus for delaying your application, are based on old formulas that don’t reflect gains in life expectancy, says economist Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. The result is a system that unfairly penalizes early filers, unjustly benefits late filers — and hurts lower-income people the most.“Low-income people disproportionately collect benefits at 62 and their benefits are cut too much, and high-income people disproportionately delay claiming till 70 and their benefits are increased too much,” Munnell says. “So you penalize the low-income and you benefit the high-income.”The problem started off as a solutionOriginally, Social Security had one retirement age: 65. In 1956, Congress authorized a reduced benefit for women, to allow them to retire at the same time as their typically older husbands. The reduced benefit option was extended to men in 1961.The amount of the reduction was meant to be “actuarially neutral,” so that the cost to Social Security would be the same whether those with average life expectancies claimed the smaller check earlier or the larger check later.As life expectancies rose, though, early filers wound up living with the penalty for longer. In 1956, a 65-year-old woman had an average life expectancy of 16.9 years. Today, it’s 21.6 years, Munnell says. Instead of being actuarially neutral, in other words, the current system results in early filers with average life expectancies getting less.On top of that, Social Security offers a bonus for those who can afford to wait. A 1% delayed retirement credit was introduced in 1972, and the amount was increased over the years to the current 8%. So each year you put off claiming Social Security past your full retirement age adds 8% to your payment. Full retirement age varies according to birth year and is 67 for people born in 1960 or later.Let’s say your full retirement age is 67 and your benefit, if started then, would be ,000 a month. Starting at 62 would shrink the benefit to 0, while waiting until 70 to begin would boost the amount to ,240.The longer you live, the more you can benefit from a delayed filing — and the higher your income, the longer you’re likely to live. In fact, most of the gains in life expectancy in recent years have accrued to higher-income people.Between 2001 and 2014, for example, life expectancy rose by more than two years for men and nearly three years for women with incomes in the top 5%, according to a study for the Social Security Administration. During the same period, life expectancies for those in the bottom 5% of incomes rose a little less than four months for men and about two weeks for women.How benefits could change to be fairerTo restore actuarial fairness, the penalty for early filing should be lower, Munnell says. Someone who retires at 62 instead of 67 should get 22.5% less, rather than 30% less. Similarly, the bonus for waiting should be reduced to just below 7% per year.“The way it’s set up now, people will get 124% of their full benefit if they wait till 70 and they really should only get 120%,” Munnell says.Obviously, Social Security has bigger problems. Once its trust fund is depleted, as projected in 15 years or so, the system will be able to pay only 79% of promised benefits in 2035. That proportion is estimated to drop to 73% by 2094.When Congress finally gets around to fixing the system, Munnell says, it should consider making the payouts more fair.“I think there’ll be some grand bargain on Social Security at some point because I don’t think anybody’s really going to allow benefits to be cut 25%,” Munnell says. “This [actuarial fairness] probably should be put on the agenda.”This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by the Associated Press.More From NerdWalletHow to Renegotiate Your Bills to Save MoneyFeeling Out of Control? These Money Moves Could HelpRenters at Risk: Ways to Cope in the Financial CrisisLiz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 4771

The Associated Press has obtained text messages that a U.S. Census Bureau supervisor in Alabama sent to workers that told them how to fake counts of households by entering misleading data.According to the AP's report, texts from the supervisor in October laid out how census takers should fake data to mark a household as only having one resident, even if census takers were unsure of how many people lived in the home.The supervisor's text instructed census takers to mark a household as only being occupied by a single person if they made two failed attempts to interview the residents and two failed attempts to reach landlords or neighbors."You are to clear the case indicating occupied by 1," said the text from the census supervisor in Dothan, Alabama.A census worker from Florida who traveled to Alabama to help with areas lagging behind on the county provided the texts to the AP on condition of anonymity to protect her privacy.The Census Bureau says it's investigating and hasn't identified any data irregularities.The attempts to suppress the population count came as Trump administration officials successfully shortened the Census schedule by two weeks. Critics contend that the count was cut short so the Trump administration could enforce an order to exclude undocumented immigrants from the count.Under-counting a given area in the Census suppresses the allocation of resources to that area and skews congressional districts.The Associated Press reports the Census Bureau has denied that it attempted to falsify information during the 2020 census, but the AP has reported that similar instructions were sent to other regions. 1649

The airport security line can seem by turns tedious, nerve-wracking and frustrating.You may start out in a long, slow-moving procession — but then suddenly you’re thrust into rush mode, hustling to remove your shoes and laptop before passengers behind you get annoyed. Next, you’re shooed through a body scanner or metal detector, randomly pulled aside for a more thorough search, or both.It can be a major hassle. But you can make your trip less stressful by following these tips for an expedited security process.Before you go 556

The Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center have seen a spike in alcohol poisonings and hospitalizations across much of Arizona.The center services all counties except Maricopa, stating it has never seen so many in one month.“We see dozens of these per year, but never 22 in a month with hand sanitizers being the source of these hospitalizations," said Dr. Steve Dudley, director of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center.Since June 1, it has received 22 cases related to people drinking hand sanitizer. The center said many don't know the poisonous chemical methanol is inside.Dudley explained if hand sanitizer isn't mixed just right, it can create the toxic compound.“With COVID-19 and everyone is rushing to be prepared and stay stocked on hand sanitizer that's a left shortage. So, that's opened the door for either whole making of hand sanitizer or other companies or manufacturers being able to step in and fill that need,” explained Dr. Dudley.Dudley explained the effects of methanol might not be apparent right away, but could be deadly over time.“Methanol itself is not very toxic, it's what the body breaks methanol down into that causes all the toxicity,” he said.Signs and symptoms of methanol poisoning include:NauseaVomitingBlurry or hazy vision that could lead to permanent blindnessSeizuresDudley explained the reason some drink hand sanitizer.“Unfortunately, you know, it's an alcohol substitute, just like we see people who drink rubbing alcohol and attempts to get drunk. And so again, the problem is you know people who are used to drinking this product. Not that we would ever recommend it but they're used to drinking a certain product and they know what to expect in terms of what it does for them and what side effects that would have, but now you throw in as extremely toxic methanol in there,” said Dr. Dudley.Dudley added it could be hard to know if methanol is in hand sanitizer by reading the label, but if you think someone has ingested methanol you call the poison center immediately at 1-800-222-1222.KGUN's Ciara Encinas originally reported this story. 2107

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