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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

BONITA SPRINGS, Fla. -- There are invaders in Gulf waters, and researchers at Florida Gulf Coast University are working to find out more about them, so they can be stopped. Invasive exotic Lionfish are native to the Pacific Ocean. But they're now appearing more frequently in the Gulf where they have no known predators.FGCU Marine Scientist Mike Parsons said the growing lionfish population is threatening to crowd out the native species so many Southwest Floridians love to catch and eat."They're competing with other fish for places to live and food to eat," Parsons said."So they'll be bad for other fish like grouper, for example." he added.Parsons and other researchers are looking for solutions as they closely study lionfish at FGCU's Vester Marine Science Field station in Bonita Springs. Researcher Emma DeRoy said part of the problem is that lionfish can live in every part of the Gulf."They're habitat generalists," said DeRoy, whose work at Vester Field Station focuses on lionfish. "They'll thrive in sea grass, mangroves, corals - anything with structure."DeRoy said lionfish also tend to eat the small fish that eat algae off coral.  If those small fish aren't around, there's nothing protecting living coral from all that algae."Then the algae overgrows the coral and basically suffocates it," she says.  "And then you get coral dying off."She says lionfish also grow up faster than local species like grouper - giving them a head start on establishing themselves in a habitat and eating whatever they want. Lionfish mature within a year, whereas grouper take around 4-to-5 years, DeRoy said. "I think the other big factor is they re-produce so often and they produce so many eggs," Parsons said "Their population can just explode." Parsons estimated their reproductive rate to be astronomical."Somewhere on the order of 2 million eggs per female every time they spawn," says Parsons. "And they may spawn multiple times per year.""That's a lot of youngin's," he adds.Charter boat captain Billy D'Antuono said huge numbers of lionfish are being hauled in from the northern Gulf off the panhandle of Florida."They'll go and clean off a spot and get 500, and they'll go back the next week and there's 500 more," says D'Antuono."They're bringing back thousands of them in a day," he adds.Some say the biggest hope for getting the lionfish population under control is human consumption."The one good thing is they are a delicious fish," says Parsons."Lion fish are just very good to eat," says D'Antuono. "You can eat it as sushi," he added.D'Antuono is quick to point out lionfish are not poisonous - just venomous. He said that distinction matters."The venom is only in the spine, so the meat is very good," he says.  "It's one my favorite fish to eat."More Florida restaurants are now selling lionfish, and more stores (Whole Foods for example) are selling it at prices that create financial incentive for the commercial fishing industry."It's the same level as grouper prices, a pound," D'Antuono said.D'Antuono is hoping to generate more interest in hunting lionfish by posting videos of his spearfishing adventures on his website.As researchers look for ways to get the lionfish population under control, they're calling on you to do your part.When Scripps station WFTX in Fort Myers asked Parsons what people should do if they see a lionfish, he response is simple but direct. "Kill it," he says.  "And then eat it. Remove it from the environment." D'Antuono recommended killing lionfish carefully, though, because their spines are venomous.D'Antuono said he has been stung before and described the pain as memorable.  "It's like someone putting a nail in your hand and somebody slamming the nail in your hand for about two hours," he says. "It's very painful."But he said he fears the bigger pain lionfish will inflict will be on the fragile ecosystem in our Gulf. "They've invasive," he said. "Over the years, these fish could be the only thing left."D'Antuono is encouraging others to join him in spearfishing lionfish. He even organizes tournaments - telling WFTX he's hoping the next one will be this summer at Three 60 Market in Naples. 4363

BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) — A Louisiana state trooper has died following a single-vehicle crash hours after learning he would be fired for his role in the in-custody death of a Black man last year. Authorities say Master Trooper Chris Hollingsworth was mortally wounded in a highway crash early Monday. He had been placed on paid leave this month amid fallout from the May 2019 death of Ronald Greene, which has become the subject of a federal civil rights investigation and a wrongful-death lawsuit alleging he was brutalized by troopers following a high-speed chase. Police have refused to release video or records of the arrest. 635

BRENTWOOD, Tenn. (AP) — A Tennessee school district has issued an apology for a social studies assignment that asked students to pretend to be slave-owners and brainstorm expectations for their slaves.The Tennessean reported Thursday that Williamson County Schools and Sunset Middle School apologized for the assignment, saying it was inappropriate. The homework also assigned other tasks including the creation of a political cartoon depicting immigrant labor in the U.S. and writing a public service announcement about the hazards of living in urban areas.The two teachers who assigned the homework also apologized, saying in a statement that the assignment has been pulled and won't be graded.The Tennessee Department of Education says the middle school is 70 percent white. 785

BLOOMINGTON, Minn. (AP) — The Trump administration has removed gray wolves in most of the U.S. from the endangered species list. Thursday’s action ends longstanding federal safeguards for the predators in the Lower 48 states, except for a small population of Mexican gray wolves in the Southwest. The announcement just days ahead of the election could allow hunting of the animals to resume in Great Lakes states -- a battleground region in the presidential race between President Donald Trump and former Vice President Joe Biden. Gray wolves have recovered from near extinction in parts of the country but remain absent from much of their historical range. Biologists who reviewed the administration’s plan to strip protection from wolves say it lacked scientific justification. 787