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WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.

BRATISLAVA, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The Slovak Education Ministry on Thursday launched an internet website to provide the general public with digitalized textbooks.According to Education Minister Eugen Jurzyca, the public could access a total of 26 digitalised textbooks, compulsory-reading books and download 65 audio-recordings on the website of eaktovka.sk.The word aktovka means schoolbag in Slovak."We hope that pupils will be able to study even in places where they don't bring their textbooks, such as during the holidays at their grandma's, but also that teachers will have an easier time putting together various textbooks or their sections on, for example, physics or chemistry," said the minister.Jurzyca said he estimated that 92 percent of households with school-age children which own personal computers and 70 percent of those which have access to the internet would visit the website.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- A systematic review of previous studies suggests that there may be a positive connection between physical activity and children's academic performance, according to a report published Monday in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.A group of scientists at the Vrije Universiteit (Free University) Medical Center in the Netherlands reviewed evidence on the relationship between physical activity and academic performance because of concerns that pressure to improve test scores may often mean more instructional time for classroom subjects with less time for physical activity.The authors identified 10 observational and four interventional studies for review, 12 of which were done in the United States, one in Canada and one in South Africa. Sample sizes ranged from 53 to about 12,000 participants between the ages of eight years and 18 years old. Follow-up varied from eight weeks to more than five years."According to the best-evidence synthesis, we found strong evidence of a significant positive relationship between physical activity and academic performance. The findings of one high-quality intervention study and one high-quality observational study suggest that being more physically active is positively related to improved academic performance in children," the report said.Background information in the article suggests that exercise may help cognition by increasing blood and oxygen flow to the brain, increasing levels of norepinephrine and endorphin to decrease stress and improve mood, and increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells and support synaptic plasticity."More high-quality studies are needed on the dose-response relationship between physical activity and academic performance and on the explanatory mechanisms, using reliable and valid measurement instruments to assess this relationship accurately," the report concluded.

UNITED NATIONS, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- China on Friday voiced its hope that countries concerned "will continue to appropriately address the issue" of the alleged plot to kill Saudi Arabian ambassador to the United States "through dialogue and make joint efforts to maintain peace and stability in the Middle East and the Gulf region."The statement came as Li Baodong, Chinese permanent representative to the United Nations, was addressing the UN General Assembly to explain the Chinese position on the issue after he abstained from voting on the draft resolution on the alleged Iranian involvement in the assassination plot."China hopes countries concerned will continue to appropriately address the issue through dialogue and make joint efforts to maintain peace and stability in the Middle East and the Gulf region," he said."At present, the case is highly complicated and sensitive," Li said. "Parties still have different views over the issue. Any conclusion or action must be based on comprehensive, impartial, objective and transparent investigation and substantial evidence.""Before facts are out, parties should adopt a prudent approach, refrain from jumping to conclusions, and avoid action that may complicate and worsen the situation," he said."China abstained from the vote on the General Assembly draft resolution entitled 'Terrorist Attacks on Internationally Protected Persons'," he said. "We oppose all forms of terrorism, and always stand for compliance with international law and the basis norms governing international relations in handling state-to- state relations as well as effective protection of the safety and security of diplomatic personnel."Earlier on Friday, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution which expressed deep concerns at the assassination plot and called on Iran "to comply with all of its obligations under international law." Iran strongly denied the allegation.Before or after the vote, countries such as Bolivia, Sudan and Venezuela said that due to a lack of solid evidence to support the allegation, the draft adoption would "create a dangerous precedent " in the international relations.

BEIJING, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao, along with other Chinese leaders, celebrated the New Year with political advisors Sunday morning in Beijing and delivered an important speech.Hu and the other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended a tea party held by the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).