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WASHINGTON, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- Using its near-infrared vision to peer nine billion years back in time, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered an extraordinary population of young dwarf galaxies brimming with star formation, the U.S. space agency announced on Thursday.While dwarf galaxies represent the most common type of galaxy in the universe, the rapid star-birth observed in these newly- found examples may force astronomers to reassess their understanding of the ways in which galaxies form.The galaxies are a hundred times less massive, on average, than the Milky Way, yet they churn out stars at such a furious pace that their stellar content would double in just 10 million years. By comparison, the Milky Way would take a thousand times longer to double its star population.The universe is estimated to be 13.7 billion years old, and these newly-discovered galaxies are extreme even for the young universe -- when most galaxies were forming stars at higher rates than they are today. Astronomers using Hubble's instruments could spot the galaxies because the radiation from young, hot stars has caused the oxygen in the gas surrounding them to light up like a bright neon sign."The galaxies have been there all along, but up until recently astronomers have been able only to survey tiny patches of sky at the sensitivities necessary to detect them," said Arjen van der Wel of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Germany, lead author of a paper on the results to be published online on Nov. 14 in The Astrophysical Journal. "We weren't looking specifically for these galaxies, but they stood out because of their unusual colors. "The observations were part of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an ambitious three- year study to analyze the most distant galaxies in the universe. CANDELS is the first census of dwarf galaxies at such an early epoch."In addition to the images, Hubble has captured spectra that show us the oxygen in a handful of galaxies and confirmed their extreme star-forming nature," said co-author Amber Straughn at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "Spectra are like fingerprints. They tell us the galaxies' chemical composition."The CANDELS team uncovered the 69 young dwarf galaxies in near- infrared images taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.The observations suggest that the newly-discovered galaxies were very common nine billion years ago. However, it is a mystery why the newly-found dwarf galaxies were making batches of stars at such a high rate.

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have decoded the genome of Black Death which caused one of the worst plagues in human history.The finding was published Wednesday in the scientific journal Nature.A team of German, Canadian and American scientists collected the bacteria's DNA from ancient plague victims' teeth and bones, which were excavated from the burial ground in London.With a careful NDA comparison between the ancient bacteria and the modern strains, scientists found the direct variant of the medieval bacteria still exist today.Black Death's descendants kill around 2,000 people a year, mostly in the developing world, the scientist said."This will provide us with direct insights into the evolution of human pathogens and historical pandemics," said Johannes Krause Of Germany's University of Tubingen, who worked on the study.Black Death, the fatal plague of medieval Europe, wiped out some 30 million people -- about 50 percent of the population on the continent, within just five years, between 1347 and 1351.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have provided scientists evidence of what appears to be a body of liquid water, equal in volume to the North American Great Lakes, beneath the icy surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The data suggest there is significant exchange between Europa's icy shell and the ocean beneath. This information could bolster arguments that Europa's global subsurface ocean represents a potential habitat for life elsewhere in our solar system. The findings will be published Thursday in the scientific journal Nature.Europa, which is slightly smaller than Earth's moon, is believed to have a large ocean of salty water deep beneath its frozen crust. Galileo spacecraft, launched by the space shuttle Atlantis in 1989, studied Jupiter, which is the most massive planet in the solar system, and some of its many moons.Pictures of it sent back by Galileo point to a tortured surface of cracks and jumbled ice. Seeking to understand how such weird topography evolved in a place with such dim sunlight, scientists believe that the answer lies in similar processes on Earth.Their model suggests that Europa's ice shell is about 10 kilometers thick and within it are giant pockets of water, lying at depths as shallow as three kilometers. Warm water from these sub-surface lakes wells up in plumes, causing the ice to become brittle, crack and then collapse. The ice turnover would be a plus for the prospects for life, as it would transfer energy and nutrients between the sub-glacial lake and the surface."One opinion in the scientific community has been if the ice shell is thick, that's bad for biology. That might mean the surface isn't communicating with the underlying ocean," said Britney Schmidt, lead author of the paper and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin. " Now, we see evidence that it's a thick ice shell that can mix vigorously and new evidence for giant shallow lakes. That could make Europa and its ocean more habitable.""The data opens up some compelling possibilities," said Mary Voytek, director of NASA's Astrobiology Program. "However, scientists worldwide will want to take a close look at this analysis and review the data before we can fully appreciate the implication of these results."

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- Apple on Monday released a new version of its media player program iTunes, adding the much- anticipated scan-and-match service for music iTunes Match.The feature, included in iTunes 10.5.1, can scan a user's library to find music and match the content to the music available in iTunes Store. If it finds a match, users don't need to upload the music and can listen to them anywhere, even better-quality versions, on any devices running Apple's iOS operating system. Music that doesn't match is automatically uploaded.With a subscription fee of 24.99 U.S. dollars a year, users can store up to 25,000 of their own songs in Apple's cloud server. The iTunes Match is currently only available in the United States.Subscriptions for iTunes Match are unavailable for a while Monday morning due to excessive demand.The iTunes Match was first introduced in June along with Apple' s iCloud platform, the company's cloud service enabling users to sync their files, apps and content among Apple devices.Unlike Google and Amazon, Apple got the official blessings from all four major music labels, making the company only need to keep one copy of each song in its cloud server, eliminating the uploading work for users and redundancies for servers.When Apple's late co-founder Steve Jobs introduced the feature in his last keynote address in June, he touted the feature as "an industry leading effort," saying that the 24.99-dollar price is cheaper than Amazon's offering and Google has not announced a price yet.The release is also ahead of Google's latest music push. In an email invitation sent out last Friday, the search giant said it will hold an event called "These Go To Eleven" on Wednesday in Los Angeles. Tech news website The Verge reported that it will be the debut of the company's cloud music service Google Music.

DUBAI, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- While many fairs in crisis-ridden Middle East struggle to attract sponsors and exhibitors, the Gulf Information and Technology Exhibition, or GITEX, which opened Sunday, has a different challenge: a lack of space due to the huge number of participants and professional visitors.The largest information and communication technology (ICT) trade fair in the Middle East occupied the entire 14 halls of the Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Centre in the heart of the sheikhdom. Some 3,500 exhibitors from 57 countries and regions display the latest cry of modern PC office and mobile technology, hard- and software and all kinds of related accessories. Over 130,000 visitors are expected to visit the ICT congress.Kazakhstan, Latvia, Malta, and Morocco participate for the first time. Besides, well-known giant brands such as Huawei, Intel, Microsoft or Blackberry, hundreds of small and medium enterprises participate this year."We are exhibiting for the second time here. It is worth coming, " said Dr. Andrej Vckovski, CEO of Swiss enterprise software producer netcetera from Zurich. "We already won a contract from the Health Authority in Abu Dhabi and we plan to expand to Qatar."The annual ICT spending in the Gulf Arab region alone is expected to grow by 15 percent and to reach 180 billion U.S. dollars in 2014.While e-users still have to wait for Windows 8 from Microsoft, Huawei Technologies demonstrates its latest Cloud Computing solutions. Cloud Computing describes the process where many firms share the same server simply through software, instead of running expensive independent servers at their premises.The fair has also a lot of firsts on its agenda. Nokia launches the N9 mobile phone in the region for the first time. Research in Motion or RIM from Canada shows its new Bold 9900 Blackberry smart phone. Panasonic showcases its planned solar-energy run community for 3,000 citizens in Fujisawa near Tokyo."We plan to finish construction and launch this full-fledged Green Community in 2018, when Panasonic will celebrate its 100 years anniversary," said Muneo Yamamoto, Technical Manager Systems Solutions at Panasonic.Symantec launches Endpoint Protection 12, Cloud Security software. "Security is currently the top priority for organizations across the Middle East," explained Bulent Teksoz, Chief Security Strategist for Emerging Markets at Symantec.According to the NASDAQ-listed software provider, 76 percent of United Arab Emirates residents have fallen victim to Cyber Crime in 2010, and Saudi Arabia remains the most spammed country in the world, with a spam rate of 84 percent, albeit global spam is decreasing.A parallel Gitex conference hosts leading experts from the ICT industry for presentations and discussions around the latest trends and challenges. For retail consumers, the Gitex Shopper Fair at the Dubai Airport Expo offers everything from laser printers to iPads, from Smart Phones to CD. Due to the discount sellers offer at the Gitex Shopper, the consumer fair is a popular hub for bargain hunters.

来源：资阳报