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WASHINGTON, March 24 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Thursday approved the use of Zostavax, a live attenuated virus vaccine, for the prevention of shingles in individuals 50 to 59 years of age. Zostavax is already approved for use in individuals 60 years of age and older.In the United States shingles affects approximately 200,000 healthy people between the ages of 50 and 59, per year. It is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is a virus in the herpes family and the same virus that causes chickenpox.After an attack of chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in certain nerves in the body. For reasons that are not fully understood, the virus can reappear in the form of shingles, more commonly in people with weakened immune systems and with aging."The likelihood of shingles increases with age. The availability of Zostavax to a younger age group provides an additional opportunity to prevent this often painful and debilitating disease" said Karen Midthun, director of FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, in a statement. ( Shingles is characterized by a rash of blisters, which generally develop in a band on one side of the body and can cause severe pain that may last for weeks, and in some people, for months or years after the episode.Approval was based on a multicenter study conducted in the United States and four other countries in approximately 22,000 people who were 50-59 years of age. Half received Zostavax and half received a placebo. Study participants were then monitored for at least one year to see if they developed shingles. Compared with placebo, Zostavax reduced the risk of developing shingles by approximately 70 percent.The most common side effects observed in the study were redness, pain and swelling at the site of injection, and headache, according to the FDA.Zostavax, manufactured by Merck & Co., was originally approved on May 26, 2006, for the prevention of shingles in individuals 60 years of age and older.

BEIJING, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- The central parity rate of yuan, the Chinese currency, Tuesday gained 2 points to 6.5881 against the U.S. dollar, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.China's central bank announced in June 2010 it would further reform the exchange rate formation mechanism to improve its flexibility.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market each business day.

SAN FRANCISCO, March 29 (Xinhua) -- Amazon.com Inc. on Tuesday announced the launch of an on-line music storage service,which enables users to store digital music in the cloud and access it from computers and devices running Google's Android operating system.The new service, called "Cloud Drive," offered customers five gigabytes of free storage on Amazon Web servers for all kinds of digital files, including music, photos, videos and documents. For paid plans, users can purchase storage space starting at 20 U.S. dollars a year for 20 gigabytes.The on-line retailer also launched "Cloud Player for Web" and " Cloud Player for Android." The former allows users to get the media files they stored on Amazon's servers from a Web browser on a Mac or PC. The latter lets users play music they have uploaded on Cloud Drive, computers or a smartphone that runs Android operating system.Analysts said Amazon is stepping up its rivalries with Apple and Google. Both companies are also working on similar services, allowing users to store their music on-line and access it from any compatible device.Media reports said that Apple was pushing hard to launch a digital music locker service in April. Google was also reported to be testing its own digital locker service but it still needs to make agreements with major music labels.

WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."