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WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Johns Hopkins University researchers have demonstrated that human liver cells derived from adult cells coaxed into an embryonic state can engraft and begin regenerating liver tissue in mice with chronic liver damage.The work, published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggests that liver cells derived from so- called "induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" could one day be used as an alternative to liver transplant in patients with serious liver diseases, bypassing long waiting lists for organs and concerns about immune system rejection of donated tissue."Our findings provide a foundation for producing functional liver cells for patients who suffer liver diseases and are in need of transplantation," says Yoon-Young Jang, assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. "iPSC-derived liver cells not only can be generated in large amounts, but also can be tailored to each patient, preventing immune-rejection problems associated with liver transplants from unmatched donors or embryonic stem cells." A microsopic view shows human embryonic stem cells in various stages of differentiation into liver cells in this photo taken at Stanford University and released by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009iPSCs are made from adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to revert to an embryonic stem cell-like state, with the ability to transform into different cell types. Human iPSCs can be generated from various tissues, including skin, blood and liver cells.Although the liver can regenerate in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by diseases like cirrhosis and cancers eventually destroy the liver's regenerative ability, Jang says. Currently, the only option for those patients is to receive a liver organ or liver cell transplant, a supply problem given the severe shortage of donor liver tissue for transplantation. In addition, mature liver cells and adult liver stem cells are difficult to isolate or grow in the laboratory, she says. By contrast, iPSCs can be made from a tiny amount of many kinds of tissue; and the embryonic stem- like iPSCs can grow in laboratory cultures indefinitely.For the study, Jang and colleagues generated human iPSCs from a variety of adult human cells, including liver cells, fibroblasts ( connective tissue cells), bone marrow stem cells and skin cells. They found that though the iPSCs overall were molecularly similar to each other and to embryonic stem cells, they retained a distinct molecular "signature" inherited from the cell of origin.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Web exploit toolkits, or " packaged" attack frameworks that can be traded online, are rapidly growing as the top cybercrime weapon due to ease of use and high success rate, a new report has found."When it comes to conducting online crime, exploit toolkits are the weapon of choice for many cyber criminals," said the "2010 Top Cyber Security Risks Report" published by Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) on Monday.The trend started in 2006 with the release of WebAttacker, considered by many to be the first modern day web exploit toolkit, according to the report.An emerging trend ensued and soon took off, and today the Internet is subjected to hundreds of exploits originating from these toolkits."With the ever-increasing, web-based criminal activity, the number of exploit toolkits has skyrocketed and shows no signs of slowing down," the report stated.Though protecting against attacks originated with web exploit toolkits is becoming increasingly difficult, there are ways to minimize the risk of infection, said the report, noting that one of the most effective defenses is to install patches onto host systems.The report also found that while the number of attacks against known vulnerabilities continues to rise, the number of discovered vulnerabilities has plateaued in 2010."We've discovered that rather than investing resources to uncover new exploits, attackers are focused on current, unpatched vulnerabilities in web applications, social networking sites and Web 2.0 interfaces," Mike Dausin, a manager at HP Digital Vaccine Labs, said in a statement.Data from the report showed that nearly half of all reported vulnerabilities exist in web applications, and third-party plug- ins to content management systems have become the leading cause of web application vulnerabilities.

PYONGYANG, Feb. 14 (Xinhua) -- Kim Yong Nam, president of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), met Chinese Minister of Public Security Meng Jianzhu here on Monday.Kim said it was the consistent stand of the Worker's Party of Korea (WPK) and the government and the firm will of the people to develop the traditional DPRK-China friendship generation after generation.The DPRK is sincerely happy to see the great achievement China has made and wish that the Chinese people make even more progress, Kim said.Meng, also a State Councilor, said the traditional friendship between the two neighboring countries has strengthened through the ages. He expressed his expectations of inheriting the friendship, deepening communications and cooperation in various areas and promoting the China-DPRK friendship.Ri Yong Ho, Presidium of Political Bureau of Central Committee of WPK and chief of the Korean People's Army General Staff, also met Meng on the same day.Ju Sang Song, a member of the Political Bureau of Central Committee of the WPK and Minister of People's Security, met Meng on Sunday. The two achieved consensus on making more efforts to develop cooperation and communications on public security to make active contributions to the traditional China-DPRK friendship. An agreement on cooperation between the the two security ministries was signed after the meeting.Meng arrived at Pyongyang on Sunday at the invitation of Ju Sang Song.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Three Carrefour stores were fined 500,000 yuan (75,988 U.S. dollars) each on Saturday for overcharging customers in east China's metropolitan Shanghai, said municipal price regulators.The fine is the highest for such wrongdoing, with the tickets being issued Saturday morning.The three stores were also ordered to correct their illegal pricing and refund overcharged customers, said the regulators.A hearing will be held to decide the final amount of the fine. Carrefour representatives will be able to respond to the charges at the hearing, according to regulators.China's price regulator announced last week that it had found several retailers cheating customers, which included 11 of Carrefour's China stores.Carrefour China promised customers Saturday that it would provide refunds of five times the difference between advertised prices and incorrect prices charged at registers, after it was blacklisted by Chinese authorities due to deceptive pricing.Chen Bo, spokesperson with Carrefour China, apologized to Chinese customers during an exclusive interview with Xinhua.Chen said the company has started to work on this pricing issue.Carrefour China has established both short-term and long-term measures to resolve the issue, Chen added."We will have our special control group conduct internal price inspections, with wide coverage and high frequency," Chen said.Chen said the refund policy would be permanently implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China, with non-implementation of the policy being regarded as a violation of company rules.The National Development and Reform Commission, China's top economic planner, also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival, which falls on Feb. 3 this year.The Spring Festival holiday is usually the busiest shopping season, as the public makes large purchases of food and gifts for families and friends.

LOS ANGELES, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of homes were evacuated on Wednesday in Monument, U.S. state of Colorado after hydrochloric acid was leaking from a train car, authorities said.The leak was first reported around 1 a.m. local time when a southbound train spotted a vapor trail on a northbound train, the Denver Post reported.Authorities first ordered the evacuation of some 255 homes, and later expanded the evacuation to an additional 160 homes, according to the report.Schools in the area were closed due to the leaking, the report said.A specialized crew from Texas has been dispatched to the scene to transfer the hydrochloric acid leaking from the train car and is expected to finish the job in four or five hours, weather permitting, the report quoted Sgt. Mike Schaller of the El Paso County Sheriff's Office as saying.The leak is contained but hydrochloric acid is still leaking slowly from the tanker, which holds 25,000-30,000 gallons, Schaller said.He said police went door-to-door notifying residents of a subdivision adjacent to the railroad tracks to evacuate as a precaution.No injuries have been reported, he said, but residents have been warned that they may have to be out of their homes until Friday as hazardous material crews offload the acid to another container.The northbound train originated in Kansas and was en route to Denver at the time, the Denver Post said.It's not yet known how much hydrochloric acid leaked from the train car.Once the leak is sealed, crews will remove the hydrochloric acid from the damaged car to a new car that will likely continue into Denver, according to the report.Monument is a town of 3,230 residents 88 kilometers south of Denver.

来源：资阳报