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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

DAVOS, Switzerland, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- China is ready to push the decade-long Doha Round negotiations for a final success, Chinese Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said here on Saturday.Speaking at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Mini-Ministerial Meeting which brought together representatives from over 20 major trading powers, Chen said that China is ready to collaborate with other WTO members in a practical and proactive manner so as to draw a successful conclusion of the Doha Round talks by the end of 2011.A rapid conclusion of the negotiations, Chen said, will be beneficial to global economic recovery, which is to the interest of all.The commerce minister acknowledged the year 2011 as a "window of opportunity," albeit a narrow one."China will give support to the roadmap proposed by WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy," he said, adding that the country is willing to act vigorously to push forward the negotiation process.To ensure that an early final deal could be in reach, Chen said, parties should set goals in a practical manner, in accordance with the ambition level, and stick to what has been achieved as well as the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), while focusing primarily on pending issues.Held on the sidelines of the annual World Economic Forum, the WTO Mini-Ministerial Meeting is an annual event under the auspices of the Swiss Federal Government.Chen on Friday also joined discussions with his counterparts from the emerging club -- India, Brazil and South Africa, before attending the trade G7 meeting, consisting of Australia, Brazil, China, the European Union, India, Japan and the United States.

WASHINGTON, May 25 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts conducted the third of four scheduled spacewalks for space shuttle Endeavour 's STS-134 mission on Wednesday morning, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced.Endeavour's mission specialists Drew Feustel and Mike Fincke completed a six-hour-54-minute spacewalk at 8:37 a.m. EDT (1437 GMT). They completed all planned tasks, installing cables to increase redundancy for the power system on the Russian segment of the station, completing the external wireless antenna system work Feustel and Greg Chamitoff began during the first spacewalk, and installing a power and data grapple fixture to Zarya. The fixture will allow the station's robotic arm to "walk" to the Russian segment, extending its reach by using that grapple fixture as a base.It was the 247th spacewalk conducted by U.S. astronauts, and the 158th in support of space station assembly and maintenance, totaling 995 hours and 13 minutes. If everything goes as planned, the 1,000th hour of space station assembly and maintenance will be logged on Friday.Endeavour lifted off on May 16 from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to deliver to the International Space Station a 2-billion- dollar, multinational particle detector known as the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).AMS, a particle physics detector, is designed to search for various types of unusual matter by measuring cosmic rays. Its experiments are designed to help researchers study the formation of the universe and search for evidence of dark matter, strange matter and antimatter.NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program is ending due to high operating costs. The Obama administration wants to spur private companies to get into the space taxi business, freeing NASA to focus on deep space exploration and new technology development.There were initially five space shuttles in the fleet -- Challenger exploded shortly after liftoff in 1986 and Columbia disintegrated on its way back to Earth in 2003. Discovery retired earlier this year, while Endeavour is currently on its final mission. A last mission for Atlantis is scheduled for July, though funding for Atlantis remains in question.The sixth shuttle, Enterprise, did test flights in the atmosphere but was never flown into space. It is already on display at a museum outside Washington.When the U.S. space shuttle program officially ends later this year, the Russian space program's Soyuz capsule will be the only method for transporting astronauts to and from the station.

WASHINGTON, March 25 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Stardust spacecraft depleted fuel and ceased operation on Thursday after a 12-year run, the U.S. space agency said Friday."This is the end of the spacecraft's operations, but really just the beginnings of what this spacecraft's accomplishments will give to planetary science," said Lindley Johnson, Stardust-NExT and Discovery program executive at NASA headquarters in Washington."The treasure-trove of science data and engineering information collected and returned by Stardust is invaluable for planning future deep space planetary missions."Artist's concept of Stardust spacecraft nearing EarthLaunched on Feb. 7, 1999, Stardust flew past the asteroid named Annefrank and traveled halfway to Jupiter to collect the particle samples from the comet Wild 2. The spacecraft returned to Earth's vicinity to drop off a sample return capsule eagerly awaited by comet scientists.NASA re-tasked the spacecraft as Stardust-NExT to perform a bonus mission and fly past comet Tempel 1, which was struck by the Deep Impact mission in 2005. The mission collected images and other scientific data to compare with images of that comet collected by the Deep Impact.The Stardust-NExT met all mission goals, and the spacecraft was extremely successful during both missions. From launch until final rocket engine burn, it travelled approximately 3.54 billion miles.After the mileage logged in space, the Stardust team knew the end was near for the spacecraft. With its fuel tank empty and final radio transmission concluded, the most traveled comet hunter will move from NASA's active mission roster to retired."This kind of feels like the end of one of those old western movies where you watch the hero ride his horse toward the distant setting sun -- and then the credits begin to roll," said Stardust-NExT project manager Tim Larson from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "Only there's no setting sun in space."