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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Monday activist groups rallied at events throughout the day with the same message, more needs to be done to stop police brutality."My son was not killed he was murdered," Richard Abuka's son, Alfred Olango, was shot and killed by police in El Cajon back in 2016.Monday morning he stood on the steps of the Hall of Justice with other activists dredging up tragedy, compelling people to hear their message that new policies to hold police accountable need to be put in place. They held a banner with the names of those lost at the hands of law enforcement throughout the county."I've been pulled over numerous times, ripped out of my car, my car searched just because I'm driving with tattoos," a former convict by the nickname "Flaco" said at the Teach-In event held at San Diego City College.The events all supporting the National Day of Actions to Stop Police Brutality."We don't need cops," panelists spoke on ways to find a solution."I do work with the police and the DAs department in training their officers, and I help run a restorative justice program that's city wide and I'm expanding it to county wide," Aeiramique Blake said. Blake

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Law enforcement agencies across San Diego Country will have extra officers stationed near busy railroad intersections this week as part of "Operation Clear Track. "The week-long enforcement ties into National Rail Safety Week, from Sept. 22-28.In Carlsbad, officers will be near Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand Avenue during the lunch hour, reminding people to only cross when there are no trains nearby."The goal is to raise railroad safety awareness through education and the enforcement of state railroad grade crossing and trespassing laws," the Carlsbad Police Department said in a statement.Amtrak officers will also keep an eye on well-known trouble spots along the coast, like a stretch in Del Mar where surfers and hikers frequently cross over tracks to get to the beach."It's not safe to cross here," said surfer Cooper Baker, who admitted he does it regularly. "But, if people have their wits about them and make good choices about where they're stepping, it's totally safe. So I just try to make sure I know a train is not going to be here and that my footing is sure. I think it's fine."A recent study found San Diego is the 9th deadliest county for accidental train casualties in the U.S. from 2013-2017. In that time, 44 people were killed while trying to cross tracks. Los Angeles County topped the list, with 110 deaths in that time."It's definitely good to give people a reminder that trains are coming through," said surfer Shayne Jensen. "You gotta be safe."In the last year, the North County Transit District has taken steps to make trains safer. In 2018, they equipped all of their trains with Positive Train Control, a new technology that automatically slows trains down if any danger is detected.Meanwhile, there have been calls in Del Mar for more railroad crossings to be built. Residents are asking for more options, so they're not tempted to cross illegally. City leaders have also introduced plans to put fences around the tracks.For more information about the nation-wide campaign to make railroad crossings safer, click here. 2084
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Loved ones are speaking out more than a week after a bloody melee that injured eight guards at Donovan state prison in Otay Mesa.The violence erupted two Sundays ago, around 4 p.m., inside the recreation yard. Corrections officials say there were about 20 inmates in the yard when one of them attacked a guard. His fellow guards rushed to help. In the mayhem that followed, four inmates allegedly assaulted guards. Six of the guards suffered stab wounds.Christina Armstrong's longtime boyfriend, correctional officer Malcolm Billingsley, was in the middle of it."The best way I hear him describe it is a 'melee, just chaos' ... There was so much going on, it was hard for him to pinpoint each action that was taken," said Armstrong.Corrections officials say a warning shot by one of the guards ended the altercation. As the guards were rushed to hospitals, news filtered out to loved ones."It was frightening not knowing for several hours what was going on. It was terrifying," said Armstrong.Billingsley was not stabbed, but suffered a back injury and possible nerve damage to his hand."It's hard for him to everyday things. He can't take care of our son, let alone play with him. He's in a lot of pain," said Armstrong.His fellow guard Roland Milan was stabbed in the face and suffered a brain bleed. His wife Marcy says he's had four plates inserted into his face."A stab wound to the face, to the mouth area. All his upper teeth were knocked out," she said.Sources say in all, eight guards were injured, including one with a fractured bone in his back.Armstrong says because of an ongoing investigation, she can't reveal details of the melee, but says the guards fought hard for their lives and the lives of their fellow guards."They are all heroes. Malcolm went to work that day to carry out his duty as a correctional officer an he became a victim but his strength and courage allowed him to come home a hero," said Armstrong, choking back tears.Corrections officials say the four inmates could face attempted murder charges.Gofundme campaigns have been set up for both Milan and Billingsley to help with expenses. 2147
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Locals will no longer have to rely on trips to Harrah's Resort or Downtown Disney to satisfy their Earl of Sandwich fix.The sandwich shop's downtown San Diego spot, the county's first, is now open for hungry locals but will hold its grand opening Saturday, according to the shop. The new sandwich shop can be found at 690 1st Ave.A cult following has developed behind Earl of Sandwich, with its popular sandwiches like The Full Montagu (roast beef and turkey), The Original 1762 (roast beef and cheddar), and Holiday Turkey (turkey, cranberry sauce, and stuffing) sandwiches.RELATED: Michelin identifies several San Diego restaurants as 'hidden gems'The restaurant chain is named after John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Montagu has long been considered the inventor of the modern sandwich, ever since he is said to have requested the dish while putting in some long hours at the gambling table.But guests are locked into sandwiches at the stop. Earl of Sandwich also sells a variety of freshly tossed salads, wraps, desserts, and several on-the-go items.The shop is open from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Sunday - Friday, and opens at 10 a.m. on Saturdays. 1177
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