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WASHINGTON, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- An inexpensive drug that treats Type 2 diabetes has been shown to prevent a number of natural and man-made chemicals from stimulating the growth of breast cancer cells, according to a newly published study by a Michigan State University researcher. The research, led by pediatrics professor James Trosko and colleagues from South Korea's Seoul National University, provides biological evidence for previously reported epidemiological surveys that long-term use of the drug metformin for Type 2 diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes-associated cancers, such as breast cancers.The research appeared online this week in PLoS One.For the study, Trosko and colleagues focused on the concept that cancers originate from adult human stem cells and that there are many natural and man-made chemicals that enhance the growth of breast cancer cells. Using culture dishes, they grew miniature human breast tumors, or mammospheres, that activated a certain stem cell gene. Then the mammospheres were exposed to natural estrogen -- a known growth factor and potential breast tumor promoter -- and man-made chemicals that are known to promote tumors or disrupt the endocrine system.The team found that estrogen and the chemicals caused the mammospheres to increase in numbers and size. However, with metformin added, the numbers and size of the mammospheres were dramatically reduced. While each of the chemicals enhanced growth by different means, metformin seemed to be able to inhibit their stimulated growth in all cases."While future studies are needed to understand the exact mechanism by which metformin works to reduce the growth of breast cancers, this study reveals the need to determine if the drug might be used as a preventive drug and for individuals who have no indication of any existing cancers," Trosko said.

PARIS, Oct. 15 (Xinhua) -- Faced with new problems such as sovereign debt and downward risks, all countries should work together to enhance coordination on macroeconomic policies to guard economic growth and financial stability with respective effort, Chinese delegates said Saturday here at the G20 Financial Ministers Meeting.The global economy is challenged by new difficulties which require all countries to join hands in fighting all sorts of protectionism either in trade or in investment, according to a statement issued by the Chinese delegation led by Chinese Financial Minister Xie Xuren and Central Bank Governor Zhou Xiaochuan.China suggested that leading developed countries should ensure economic recovery and financial stability in short term, while in the medium term enhance fiscal solidarity, accelerate structural reform and refrain the negative impact of macroeconomic policies.Meanwhile, China also stressed that the emerging countries should make their own contribution to tackle the problems. "The emerging markets should promptly take flexible and effective macroeconomic measures in order to control slowdown and tackle with impacts from inflation and capital flows," the statement said.Emerging economies "should also quicken their pace on structural reform in a bid to realize stable and faster growth," the statement added.During the two-day meeting, G20 financial leaders gathering in Paris welcomed the progress the Europe made on the eurozone debt issue on Saturday, but meanwhile expected the euro area to rely more on itself with bigger bailout fund to avoid contagion.

HAIFA, Israel, Oct. 5 (Xinhua) -- "It's a big day, a celebration shared by Israel, science and the entire world," Israeli researcher Daniel Shechtman, who won the 2011 Nobel Prize in chemistry, said here at a press conference at the Technion- Israel Institute of Technology.Shechtman, 70, has spent the past five decades at Technion. He is also an associate at the Ames Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy and has lectured at universities abroad."Thousands of scientists are currently researching the subject I developed and I'm sure that all of them view the prize as their accomplishment too," he told Xinhua, adding that, "Science (in general) wouldn't be here and be as prosperous and intricate as it is if not for the work of thousands of others around the world."The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences on Wednesday announced Shechtman as the winner of this year's Nobel chemistry prize for his cutting-edge research on quasicrystals, a type of atom form that for decades was considered impossible by the global scientific community.The award panel explained that Shechtman's work, launched in early 1980s, has revolutionized the perception of solid matter.His work forced crstyallographers to revamp their basic conception that atoms inside crystals only have repeating and symmetrical patterns.Shechtman is the 10th Israeli scientist to win the Nobel Prize and the fourth to win the prize in chemistry.Ada Yonat, a researcher at the Weizmann Institute near Tel Aviv, received the chemistry prize in 2009.The announcement from Stockholm captured headlines in Israel, drawing praise from the country's leadership, who said Shechtman's achievement is a testament to the Jewish state's stature as a technological powerhouse.Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the winning of the Nobel Prize "expresses our people's intellect.""Every Israeli citizen is happy today and every Jew in the world is proud," a statement issued by Netanyahu's office quoted him as telling the scientist in a telephone call.Israeli President Shimon Peres, who is also a Nobel laureate, later called to congratulate Shechtman."You demonstrate that a thinking person who is hardworking and brave can make groundbreaking scientific discoveries," he said.

BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study shows that it's not simply a lack of willpower that explains weight regain but hormones keep one insisting on eating, a persistent biological urge. As any dieter knows, it's hard to keep weight off. Weight regain is a familiar problem for dieters. The research appears in Thursday's issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. To study what drives it, Proietto and his colleagues enrolled 50 overweight or obese patients in Australia in a 10-week diet program. On average, the participants lost almost 30 pounds in the 10 weeks - faster than the standard advice of losing a pound or two per week. Even so, they gained an average of 12 pounds back over the next year. The scientists checked the blood levels of nine hormones known to influence appetite - and found that even a year after the end of the weight-loss program, six of the hormones were still out of whack. People who regain weight should not be harsh on themselves, as eating is our most basic instinct, study author Joseph Proietto of the University of Melbourne in Australia said. It's better not to gain weight than to try to lose it.

SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 10 (Xinhua) -- Apple announced on Monday that pre-orders of its iPhone 4S have topped 1 million in a single day, surpassing the previous single-day pre-order record of the company's smartphone.The iPhone 4S pre-orders surpassed 1 million in the first 24 hours and the previous single day pre-order record held by iPhone 4 is 600,000, according to Apple."We are blown away with the incredible customer response to iPhone 4S," Philip Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of worldwide product marketing, said in a statement."The first day pre-orders for iPhone 4S have been the most for any new product that Apple has ever launched and we are thrilled that customers love iPhone 4S as much as we do," he added.U.S., newly installed Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook takes stage to give a general introduction of Apple's products, Oct. 4, 2011. Apple Inc. last Tuesday unveils iPhone 4S, the much-anticipated latest generation of iPhone.The iPhone 4S, which looks the same as the iPhone 4 but has major hardware upgrade inside, is available for pre-order last Friday and set to first arrive in stores in the United States this Friday.So far, iPhone 4, which, according to Apple, has been sold more than the first three generations of iPhones combined, is Apple's best selling iPhone.The pre-order numbers are good news for Apple as the initial introduction of iPhone 4S last Tuesday has not lived up to the anticipation of some investors and analysts, and spurred a new wave of concerns about whether the company could keep its innovation momentum in the wake of the passing of its co-founder Steve Jobs last Wednesday.

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