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Excessively high or low body mass index measurements have been linked to an increased risk of dying from nearly every major cause except transport accidents, new research says.The?study, published Wednesday in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology and conducted by scientists at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, revealed that BMI that's either too high or too low is tied to increased morbidity from a range of major diseases.Krishnan Bhaskaran, lead author of the study and associate professor of statistical epidemiology, noted that his team found "important associations" between BMI and most causes of death."BMI is a key indicator of health. We know that BMI is linked to the risk of dying overall, but surprisingly little research has been conducted on the links to deaths from specific causes," he said."We have filled this knowledge gap to help researchers, patients and doctors better understand how underweight and excess weight might be associated with diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease and liver disease."BMI is determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.The study authors say they discovered that maintaining a BMI in the range of 21 to 25 kg/m2 is linked to the lowest level of morbidity.BMI outside this range was shown to have a "J-shaped association" with nearly all causes of death, not solely the most prevalent diseases. This means BMIs both lower and higher than the optimal range lead to increased risk of morbidity.The study, which analyzed data from 3.6 million people and 367,512 deaths, showed that obesity, or BMI of 30 or more, was linked to an increased prevalence of two major causes of death: heart disease and cancer."BMI higher than 25, the upper end of healthy, is linked to most cancers, most cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, and liver and kidney conditions," Bhaskaran said.Obesity was shown to reduce life expectancy by 4.2 years in men and 3.5 years in women, and it can contribute to other chronic conditions including respiratory disease, liver disease and diabetes.The British Journal of Cancer reported in April that obesity is linked to 7.5% of cancers in UK women.The charity Cancer Research UK estimated that 23,000 women will deal with obesity-related cancers by 2035. Obesity will also become the most common cause of cancer in women by 2043 if trends continue.The study also revealed that being underweight is linked to a "surprising wide range of deaths," including dementia, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease and suicide.However, Bhaskaran noted that links between low BMI and causes of death were more "observative," as it was less clear whether low weight was the direct cause of illness or rather a marker of poor health more generally.He also acknowledged the limitations of the study, which included a lack of information on the diet or level of physical activity of the individuals involved and the impact these factors may have had on morbidity.He nevertheless noted that the findings reiterated the importance of maintaining a BMI within the 21 to 25 range. 3130

ENCINITAS (CNS) - A man was killed after being hit by an Amtrak Pacific Surfliner train in Encinitas Saturday morning, sheriff's deputies said.It happened at about 5:30 a.m. on the tracks near the intersection of San Elijo Avenue and Cornish Drive in Encinitas, according to Deputy Christopher Campbell of the San Diego County Sheriff's Department.The train had been heading north at about 60-65 mph when the train engineer noticed a man running toward the tracks from the east, Campbell said. The engineer sounded the train's horn, but the man continued running toward thetracks and dove in front of the oncoming train. The engineer activated the train's brakes but wasn't able to stop in time.Authorities pronounced the man dead at the scene, Campbell said. His identity wasn't immediately released.The train involved in the crash was delayed for about three hours, according to the Pacific Surfliner Twitter page. At least four other trains were also delayed while authorities investigated the crash. 1011

Faculty members at Lehigh University have voted overwhelmingly in favor of rescinding President Donald Trump's honorary degree.Trump was presented with the honorary degree in 1988, when he was chosen by the graduating class as commencement speaker. It was standard for all commencement speakers to be given honorary diplomas at that time, Lehigh spokesperson Lori Friedman told CNN.More than 80% of voting-eligible faculty affirmed the?motion asking that the Pennsylvania college's Board of Trustees revoke the honor. Only 14% voted against the motion. It will now be conveyed to the board, according to Faculty Steering Committee Chair Doug Mahoney.Dr. Michael Raposa, who helped to draft the motion, told CNN that it was intended to reflect that faculty members "don't want Lehigh to be identified with the kind of sexist, racist, and Islamophobic utterances" he says the President has made. The motion was not meant to serve as a comment on Trump's political views or positions, he said."We did not want this to be a debate about politics," he said.Raposa told CNN he felt the results of the vote represented the "clearly articulated voice of the faculty."The faculty motion was preceded by two petitions, including an online one?that garnered more than 30,000 signatures. It was presented to the Board of Trustees in August 2016, but at the time, the committee voted to take "no action."While Raposa said that he hopes the Board of Trustees "will act in way that they will feel proud of," he noted that ultimately "it's really important that the faculty has spoken." 1593

ENCINITAS, Calif. (KGTV) - An Encinitas man is trying to drum up some comfort amid the coronavirus pandemic by making some noise.Every night at 8 p.m., across the town of Windsor Locks, CT, the sound of bells of all sizes cuts through the quiet isolation. The town is the hometown of Encinitas resident of Rob LaBreche."It shows the neighbors are thinking about each other, and that is a positive thing," said LaBreche.Labreche decided to try to ring in some positivity in his own neighborhood. He posted his plans on the Nextdoor app and early this week, he and his kids got out some pots and pans at 7 p.m. and started making noise.That night, about five other neighbors joined them."To be honest, I kind of felt silly out there banging the pots and pans, but then when you're silent and feel other neighbors doing the same thing ... it makes you feel good and you know we're all in this together," said LaBreche.Since then, the idea has continued to resonate. He sent us video of his son ringing one of the family's newly-bought bells. On Thursday night - based on messages on Nextdoor - LaBreche believes more than 75 others joined in. LaBreche says the appointment noise making now stretches across several neighborhoods in Encinitas, and even into Carlsbad."Just like the coronavirus multiplying in a negative way, I think we can multiply things in a positive way. I think it can be something people look forward to and feel good about," said LaBreche.LaBreche says he hopes his idea with spread county wide and plans to continue ringing his bells every night at 7 p.m. 1583

Experts agree that binge or heavy drinking while pregnant is alarmingly dangerous for a fetus, and advise against it -- but what about light drinking during pregnancy?It turns out that there's not much research on just how little a pregnant woman could drink without harming her unborn baby, according to a paper published in the journal BMJ Open on Monday.In the United States, doctors have long warned that drinking any alcohol while pregnant can come with serious medical risks, such as the possibility of miscarriage, stillbirth, or physical and behavioral problems in the baby, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Last year, a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that women should avoid drinking completely if they are not using birth control and there is any chance they might be pregnant.Guidelines in the United Kingdom also say that if you are pregnant or think you could become pregnant, the safest approach is not to drink alcohol at all.On Friday, the National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde launched a "No alcohol, no alcohol harm" campaign aimed at pregnant women about the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. There have been "mixed messages" around drinking while pregnant and the campaign aims to "put the issue to bed once and for all," according to the NHS.But the new paper calls for more research on the effects of light drinking on pregnancy in order to better understand potential risks and to find answers to the questions many mothers-to-be might have.For instance, "women often ask about 'safe' levels of drinking during pregnancy -- 'but one glass is OK, isn't it?'" Loubaba Mamluk, senior research associate in epidemiology at the University of Bristol in the UK and lead author of the paper, said in an email. "The distinction between light drinking and abstinence is indeed the point of most tension and confusion for health professionals and pregnant women.""We were surprised that this very important topic was not researched as widely as expected," she said.About one in 10 pregnant women in the United States, age 18 to 44, report that they've had at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days while pregnant, according to the CDC. 2272

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