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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

BEIJING, March 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Cigarette displays in shops will be banned and tobacco companies may also be forced to make their products in plain wrappers in an attempt to stop people from smoking, announced the UK government Thursday.The prominent displays and attractive packaging of tobacco have long provided shopkeepers with stable income, keeping addicts hooked and quitters tempted.However, the government's move that will begin as early as spring next year will keep cigarettes hidden away and make it just a tad more difficult for smokers to find their fix."Nearly all adult smokers started smoking before they turned 18 and every year, over 300,000 children under 16 try smoking," said Chief Medical Officer Sally Davies."Smoking is undeniably one of the biggest and most stubborn challenges in public health. Over eight million people in England still smoke and it causes more than 80,000 deaths each year," Health Secretary Andrew Lansley said in his statement on the new law.Now, this move has drawn predictable responses from both sides of the tobacco wars, with health groups cheering and retailers grumbling.The British Medical Association said it was "very pleased" with the announcement, citing research which it said showed that a display ban would play "a key role in discouraging children from smoking and also help smokers quit."On the other hand, industry groups and independent retailers complained it would burden them with the cost of refitting their stores and reduce their already narrow profit margins.And according to media interviews, many people kept skeptical about the real impact the move would have, especially on young smokers.

BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- From dumplings in the north and rice cakes in the south, people across China Wednesday overloaded their tables with holiday foods, cheering for the Spring Festival family reunion and praying for a better life in the coming Year of Rabbit.In a remote village in Guizhou Province, villagers were sharing millet cakes and preserved pork as sunshine dispelled cold and sleet, which have plagued China's southwest for a month."This year's Spring Festival is especially cheerful, since our dream of a new home has come true," said villager Zhang Jiuyun.Zhang's home was severely damaged in the snow and sleet disaster, but with the help of local villagers and funds from the government, Zhang built a larger house without spending much money.The Spring Festival is also an important occasion for migrant workers to enjoy family reunions after toiling for higher incomes in wealthy coastal provinces for a year."I've brought back red wine and cookies imported from Italy as gifts for my parents," said Ding Zhenghe, a Shenzhen-based factory owner who has worked his way up from a migrant worker.But Ding said, after years in the modern city, he still yearns for the the food cooked by his mother in the rural home.The Spring Festival, which falls on Thursday, also marks the start of the Year of the Rabbit. It is a time for family dinners, gift giving and fireworks.Nangkun Tashi, a villager in the earthquake-hit Yushu, northwest China's Qinghai Province, celebrated the first Lunar New Year after the disaster with traditional Tibetan food, such as mutton and butter tea.A 7.1-magnitude earthquake jolted Yushu in April 2010, killing about 2,200 people and leaving Tashi's village in ruins.Tashi's family narrowly survived the quake, and have recently moved into a new home, which was provided by the local government two months before.In Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, 990 tons of grains have been delivered to the 473 survivors, who now lived in temporary housing after a massive landslide leveled the county, leaving over 1,500 people dead in August."We are able to hold a celebration, even though we've lost everything in the landslide," said local resident Yao Shelin."We've received flour, cooking oil, and even the wok is a donation," said Yao.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- A class of drugs that shows promise in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA gene mutations could potentially benefit colorectal cancer patients with a different genetic mutation, a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center finds.Working in cell lines from colorectal cancer patients, researchers found that the class of drugs called PARP inhibitors worked against tumors with mutations in the MRE11 gene.About 15 percent of all colorectal cancers have what's called microsatellite instability, a type of error in the DNA. About 82 percent of those tumors have the MRE11 gene mutation."This is a potential broader application for PARP inhibitors, beyond breast and ovarian cancer. This is a class of drug that's already shown safety in early clinical trials and now might benefit some colorectal cancer patients as well," says lead study author Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, a hematology/oncology fellow at the university, in a statement.The study, which was published Monday in Cancer Research, also found that PARP inhibitors are even more effective when both copies of MRE11 were mutated. Each person carries two copies of each gene, which means mutations can occur in either one or both copies. The researchers suggest that PARP inhibitors could be targeted specifically to colorectal cancer patients who have two copies of the mutated gene.Researchers are planning a phase I clinical trial to look at using PARP inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients with two mutated copies of MRE11. Future trials are being considered using PARP inhibitors to prevent colorectal cancer and other cancers in people with Lynch syndrome whose tumors have this mutation.Microsatellite instability is also seen in prostate cancer and endometrial cancer, suggesting potential for PARP inhibitors to play a role in additional types of cancer as well, Vilar-Sanchez says, adding that more research is needed in these areas.

BEIJING, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao's state visit to the United States, during which he reached important consensus with U.S. President Barack Obama on building a cooperative China-U.S. partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, has been closely followed by world media.The visit has drawn "unprecedented" world attention, said Gu Xuewu, director of the Center for Global Studies at the University of Bonn.NEW CHAPTER IN DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA-U.S. TIESCommenting on Hu's visit, which occurred at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, Professor Severino Cabral, director of Brazil's China and Asia-Pacific Research Institute, said the visit opened a new epoch for China-U.S. relations.The resumption of dialogue between the world's two major economies, which itself is a significant event, would exert great influence on the new world agenda, and hopefully help eliminate the residual cold war mentality and take bilateral relations to a new era, he said.Chen Kang, professor at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, said that the joint statement issued by the two sides during Hu's stay -- built upon bilateral efforts to establish a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit -- is a clear reflection of the two countries' resolution and pragmatic attitude in jointly meeting global challenges.China Press USA, a New York-based Chinese language newspaper, said in an editorial that the two countries' commitment to building an all-round and mutually beneficial, win-win economic partnership, as put in their joint statement, is the greatest achievement that comes out of the meeting between the leaders of the two countries in the economic sphere.Nouvelles D'Europe, a major Chinese language newspaper in France, said in an editorial that Hu's visit yielded fruitful results which are indispensable to world peace and development.In their joint statement, the two countries for the first time defined that China-U.S. partnership is based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Stable China-U.S. relations contribute to world stability, and a win-win scenario between China and the United States is conducive to a scenario of multi-party-win in a multipolar world, it said.International Daily News, an Indonesian newspaper, said that Hu's visit achieved a historic breakthrough. Their joint statement signaled a new chapter in their "cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit," and Asia is hailing the new orientation of bilateral ties and achievement set up by the leaders of the two countries.