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Having an adequate supply of personal protective equipment could have saved the state of California hundreds of millions of dollars and stopped roughly 18,000 essential workers from getting the coronavirus, according to a new study from the University of California Berkeley.Researchers at the school looked at the cost of PPE and the early costs and infection rates of coronavirus in California. They conclude with a recommendation that the state stockpile PPE for a future pandemic.The team’s first data point is based on supply and demand; purchasing PPE when it is not high in demand, then saving it for when it's needed. According to the study, the cost of purchasing the same amount of PPE when there was not a global demand would be 17 percent of what the projected cost is now during the pandemic.“Maintaining the stockpile would be cheaper than real-time purchases even if it was not needed for another 35 years, and even if we were fortunate enough to not need the stockpile for longer than that, it would be a highly financially prudent form of insurance,” the researchers stated.Between mid-March and mid-July, roughly 250,000 healthcare workers in California filed for unemployment benefits because there was not sufficient PPE for them to go to work.For each week those healthcare workers could not report to work, it cost the state million in unemployment benefits. The researchers conclude millions could be saved by having the personal protective equipment available.Looking at rates of infection and studies from Europe showing transmission rates at hospitals, Berkeley researches believe almost 18,000 coronavirus cases among essential workers could have been prevented with an adequate supply of PPE.“If those worker cases had been avoided, an estimated 3,030 secondary cases among household members could have also been avoided, thus totaling at least 20,860 cases that could have been averted,” the study states.A separate survey conducted in June and July asked California’s skilled nursing facility staff about equipment; more than 20 percent reported still having inadequate supplies of PPE, and 80 percent said they were very or extremely concerned about workplace infection.The Berkeley study also appears to give support to California Senate Bill 275 as amended in July 2020, that “would require the state to create a PPE stockpile sufficient to protect healthcare and other essential workers for at least 90-days of a future pandemic or health emergency.” 2496

Heavy rain this week could help quench the Camp Fire burning in Northern California, bringing with it an end to the threat of more wildfires this year but also new dangers.The rain will end "fire concerns for the winter," Robert Baruffaldi, a meteorologist in the National Weather Service's Sacramento office, told CNN Monday night.However, officials in Butte County are warning residents already devastated by the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in the state's history that rain arriving Wednesday could cause flash flooding and mudflows. The Camp Fire has killed 79 people, 64 of whom authorities have tentatively identified.The National Weather Service has issued a flash flood watch from Wednesday through Friday for the Camp Fire area. 756

Get ready to pay a little more for Pampers, Charmin, Bounty, and Puffs.Procter & Gamble said on Tuesday that it was in the process of raising Pampers' prices in North America by 4 percent. P&G also began notifying retailers this week that it would increase the average prices of Bounty, Charmin, and Puffs by 5 percent.P&G is raising prices because commodity and transportation cost pressures are intensifying. The hikes to Bounty and Charmin will go into effect in late October, and Puffs will become more expensive beginning early next year.These products are significant sales drivers and market share leaders for P&G.Food companies, such as Coke, Boston Beer, Hershey, and Tyson Foods, have announced price increases in recent weeks, but P&G's move will serve as a test for how willing Americans are to pay up for big household brands. The strategy could leave the company vulnerable to low-cost competitors or pushback from retail partners. Walmart was P&G's biggest buyer in 2017, accounting for 16% of its billion in sales."There is uncertainty and will be volatility with these pricing moves. They will negatively impact consumption. We'll have to adjust as we go and as we learn," Chief Financial Officer Jon Moeller told analysts on Tuesday.Pampers is P&G's largest brand, with annual sales of above billion. Last year, Bounty had more than a 40% global share of the paper towel market, and Charmin had more than a 25% share of toilet paper sales.The company expects the price increases to weigh on sales at first, but turn around shortly after.Shipping costs have spiked as demand for goods accelerates and the United States faces a shortage of truck drivers. "The transportation market, particularly in the [United States], has presented us with some challenges," he added.P&G said the two factors were outsized components in the baby, fabric, and home care cost structure.Pulp, which is made from trees, is the primary ingredient in Bounty, Puffs and Charmin, and a major material in Pampers.Since 2016, market prices for hardwood pulp have risen 60% and 20% for softwood. P&G sources both types from the United States and Canada and uses them to make tissue papers and diapers.Growing global demand, particularly in China, and tight supply have pushed up prices, said Arnaud Franco, a senior analyst at the Pulp and Paper Products Council.The Trump administration has placed 10% on tariffs on Canadian paper and Canada responded by enacting 10 perecent levies on several paper products, including toilet paper. But Franco said tariffs were not currently impacting prices.If China, however, decided to put tariffs on market pulp, US producers could get hurt, Franco said.P&G's biggest competitor is feeling the pinch too. Kimberly-Clark, the maker of Kleenex, Scott, and Huggies, said commodity costs last quarter were a "a drag of 0 million...primarily due to higher pulp costs and, secondarily, inflation in other raw materials."Canadian company Kruger Products announced last week that it was raising tissue prices in that country beginning in October to "offset unprecedented and sustained cost increases on input materials and freight." Kruger said pulp costs were up 23 percent since last year.P&G is also raising prices as it looks for ways to recoup lower prices in other major categories.The company's operating profit margin last quarter shrank more than 2 percentage points from last year in part because it dropped price tags on brands including Gillette razors, Crest toothpaste, and Luvs diapers. 3585

Hawaii warned residents and airplanes to stay away after a plume of ash from the Kilauea volcano rose 12,000 feet into the air.Since the Kilauea volcano erupted May 3, it's been one nightmare after another for residents in the southeast part of the Big Island.The US Geological Survey issued a red alert Tuesday, which means a major eruption is imminent or underway and ash could affect air trafficMichelle Coombs of the USGS described it as " very hazardous for aviation," and said her team isn't quite sure what caused Tuesday's slightly more intense ash emissions.US Geological Survey officials have said a phreatic eruption could happen at a crater at the top of the Kilauea volcano. It could send ash plumes as far as 12 miles from the summit crater, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory said. 802

Google denied President Donald Trump's claim on Wednesday that the search engine promoted President Barack Obama's State of the Union addresses but not his own annual address in January.Trump tweeted a video Wednesday on Twitter that read: "For years, Google promoted President Obama's State of the Union on its homepage. When President Trump took office, Google stopped." It shows the site's homepage on the dates of presidential speeches from 2012 through 2018, highlighting the section of the page where a link would be posted to a YouTube livestream of the speeches.In the video, the links to all of Obama's State of the Union addresses are shown but there are no links to Trump's first address to Congress in February 2017 or his State of the Union address last January. Trump added the hashtag, "#StopTheBias." 824