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MOSCOW, April 12 (Xinhua) -- Does life exist on other planets beyond the solar system? Are there any other planets like the Earth in our universe? And what does the universe look like?On questions related to outer space, human beings have never stopped observing and thinking.Yuri Gagarin, who made the first manned space flight on April 12, 1961, and orbited Earth for 108 minutes before safely landing, opened a window named "space" to humankind. The Soviet cosmonaut's journey continues to be an inspiration for the world to "conquer" space -- but now for more peaceful purposes.After the Cold War, cooperation on space exploration and scientific researches has turned to a more pragmatic way. More and more countries are realizing that space programs are closely linked with their people's lives than ever before.GAGARIN'S LEGACY INSPIRES PEACEFUL COOPERATION IN SPACEThe UN General Assembly adopted a resolution earlier this month that declares April 12 the International Day of Human Space Flight. The resolution has been supported by more than 60 countries."Man's space odyssey, the fruitful cooperation of many states in outer space would have been impossible without the very first step, Yuri Gagarin's flight," said Vitaly Churkin, Russia's permanent representative to the United Nations.However, the first human space flight was actually a result of competition between the East and the West at the height of the Cold War when the Berlin Wall was built.That competition gradually evolved, however, into a joint space project that has drawn more than 15 nations -- the International Space Station (ISS). Such a project would almost impossible to imagine before.The Mars-500 project in Moscow, aimed at testing the physical and psychological strains on humans during a 500-day journey to "Mars," is another good example of the international cooperation in scientific research. The experiment included six crew members from four countries, including Russia, China, France and Italy.Compared with the times of Gagarin, who died in a 1968 plane crash,mankind has changed its approach to space exploration, rendering it more pragmatic. That's according to cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov, now a deputy head of the Space Flight Center in the Energy Rocket-Space Corporation."Early romanticism and space race have gone. Countries have been replaced by the business-oriented cooperation in the recent decade," Vinogradov told Xinhua.Experts said the scale and costs of space explorations require massive international cooperation."Space programs have been more money-thirsty even than military programs, so the nations seek closer cooperation," Vinogradov said, "and this pays off."STARDUST YIELDS TO PRAGMATISMUnlike 50 years ago, space technologies now are more closely linked to people and more directly affect their daily lives. Nowadays, one just cannot imagine life without satellite TV or GPS.Veteran cosmonaut Georgy Grechko said orbits have become construction sites rather than military facilities and the space industry itself has swiftly evolved into just another sector of the global economy.Echoing Grechko, Vinogradov said space also is a testing ground for many other sectors, including the bio-technological and pharmaceutical industries."What is just as important, outer space has turned into a platform for close, open, and fruitful international cooperation for the benefits of global, universal peace and development," Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said.UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss has said that the newly established International Day of Human Space Flight should serve as an opportunity to reflect on the importance of peaceful use of space to develop essential technologies and scientific breakthroughs."Space technology is used in matters diverse, such as the fight against climate change, against desertification, and against the loss of biodiversity," Deiss said. "The satellite images provided have given essential data when it comes to avoiding the risks of natural disasters."So far, mankind has never stopped making progress beyond the earth's boundaries and the progress itself has never stopped sparking people's imagination about what is possible through the peaceful use and exploration of outer space.What's more, humankind has never stopped the space dream."The task of the government is to inject into the people an ability to dream," said Igor Zadorin, a member of Russia's National Strategy Council.Here is interesting news: NASA's head Charles Bolden arrived in Russia on the eve of Gagarin's flight anniversary and was expected to discuss Russia-U.S. cooperation on a joint flight to Mars by a nuclear-powered spacecraft.What can we expect in the future?

LOS ANGELES, April 2 (Xinhua) -- People taking antidepressants may be more likely to develop thicker arteries which may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke, a new study suggests.Depression can heighten the risk for heart disease, but the effect of antidepressant use is separate and independent from depression itself, according to the study make public by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Saturday.The data suggest that antidepressants may combine with depression for a negative effect on blood vessels, said study first author Amit Shah, MD, a cardiology fellow at Emory University School of Medicine.Study findings will be presented on April 5 at the American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans, according to the AAAS.The study included 513 middle-aged male twins who both served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam War. Twins are genetically the same but may be different when it comes to other risk factors such as diet, smoking and exercise, so studying them is a good way to distill out the effects of genetics.Researchers measured carotid intima-media thickness - the thickness of the lining of the main arteries in the neck -- by ultrasound. Among the 59 pairs of twins where only one brother took antidepressants, the one taking the drugs tended to have higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even when standard heart disease risk factors were taken into account.The effect was seen both in twins with or without a previous heart attack or stroke. A higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with higher IMT only in those taking antidepressants."One of the strongest and best-studied factors that thickens someone's arteries is age, and that happens at around 10 microns per year," Shah said. "In our study, users of antidepressants see an average 40 micron increase in IMT, so their carotid arteries are in effect four years older."Antidepressants' effects on blood vessels may come from changes in serotonin, a chemical that helps some brain cells communicate but also functions outside the brain, Shah said."I think we have to keep an open mind about the effects of antidepressants on neurochemicals like serotonin in places outside the brain, such as the vasculature. The body often compensates over time for drugs' immediate effects," Shah said. " Antidepressants have a clinical benefit that has been established, so nobody taking these medications should stop based only on these results. This isn 't the kind of study where we can know cause and effect, let alone mechanism, and we need to see whether this holds up in other population groups."

LOS ANGELES, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Using NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GEE) satellite, U.S. astronomers are hunting for nearby, hard-to-see stars which could very well be home to the easiest-to-see alien planets, it was announced on Thursday.U.S. astronomers are ferreting out the new targets after the glare of bright, shining stars has frustrated most efforts at visualizing distant worlds, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.So far, only a handful of distant planets, or exoplanets, have been directly imaged. Small, newborn stars are less blinding, making the planets easier to see, but the fact that these stars are dim means they are hard to find in the first place."Fortunately, the young stars emit more ultraviolet light than their older counterparts, which makes them conspicuous to the ultraviolet-detecting GEE," JPL said in a press release."We've discovered a new technique of using ultraviolet light to search for young, low-mass stars near the Earth," said David Rodriguez, a graduate student of astronomy at University of Californian, Los Angeles. "These young stars make excellent targets for future direct imaging of exoplanets."Young stars, like human children, tend to be a bit unruly -- they spout a greater proportion of energetic X-rays and ultraviolet light than more mature stars. In some cases, X-ray surveys can pick out these youngsters due to the "racket" they cause. However, many smaller, less "noisy" baby stars perfect for exoplanet imaging studies have gone undetected except in the most detailed X-ray surveys. To date, such surveys have covered only a small percentage of the sky, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.Rodriguez and his team figured that the GEE, which has scanned about three-quarters of the sky in ultraviolet light, could fill this gap.Astronomers compared readings from the telescope with optical and infrared data to look for the telltale signature of rambunctious junior stars. Follow-up observations of 24 candidates identified in this manner determined that 17 of the stars showed clear signs of youth, validating the team's approach, JPL said."The Galaxy Evolution Explorer can readily select young, low- mass stars that are too faint to turn up in all-sky X-ray surveys, which makes the telescope an incredibly useful tool," Rodriguez said in the release.

CAIRO, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- As part of bilateral efforts to enhance cultural cooperation between the two great civilizations, China, as the Guest of Honor, will participate in the 43rd Cairo International Book Fair in Egypt."An outstanding Chinese delegation will attend the fair to inform the Egyptian people all about Chinese culture," said Chen Dongyun, cultural counsellor of the Chinese Embassy in Egypt.Some 248 publishers, 13 renowned scholars, writers and artists will display about 10,000 books about the achievements made by China in various fields such as politics, economy, science and technology, and culture.The fair, the most important of its kind in the Arab region, will be held on Jan. 29 through Feb. 8 in the Cairo International Conference Center. The annual fair began in 1969.The Chinese hall in the center covers an area of 1,400 square meters, with special areas allocated for a variety of exhibitions about the history of the evolution of Chinese characters, photos reflecting Sino-Egypt friendship and landscape of modern China and intangible cultural heritage.The fair also includes a seminar featuring literature and translation among Chinese and Egyptian writers and artists and a week-long film show in which six Chinese films with Arabic subtitles will be introduced to the audience.Chinese participation reflected the common consensus of the leaders of the two countries to deepen mutual understanding and friendship and will serve to promote the sound and sustainable development of bilateral relations, Chen said.Zhang Jichen, vice president of China National Publications Import and Export (Group) Corporation, which is in charge of the organization of the Chinese activities at the fair, said a cooperation agreement between the General Administration of Press and Publication of China and Egypt's Ministry of Culture.China will also present some 1,000 high-quality books to the National Library and Archives of Egypt and the Alexandria Library.The fair is expected to attract 632 publishers from 29 countries, including 17 in the Middle East. More than two million visitors participate in the fair each year.

BEIJING, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese mainland official has said the government will work with Taiwan to enhance cross-Strait economic exchanges and cooperation.The mainland would this year focus on fulfilling the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and conducting follow-up negotiations on the pact, which took effect in September last year, Xu Mang, director of the economy bureau of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, told Xinhua in an interview.Top of the follow-up agenda was cross-Strait investment protection. The mainland hoped to reach a mutually beneficial agreement on the issue with Taiwan at an early date, with concerns of both sides respected, Xu said.Xu said the two sides should adhere to the principle of balance in negotiations, aiming for effective protection, fewer restrictions and more convenience for cross-Strait investment.Mainland and Taiwan negotiators agreed in December last year to continue discussing the investment protection agreement at the seventh round of talks scheduled for this year.The mainland would also continue this year to encourage investment in Taiwan, address Taiwan enterprises' concerns over economic transformation and development, and promote cross-Strait cooperation in finance, modern services and agriculture, Xu said.The first step in implementing the ECFA, the "early harvest program," took effect on Jan. 1, when the mainland reduced tariffs on 539 Taiwanese items, or 16 percent of imports from Taiwan, while Taiwan cut duties on 267 mainland items, 10 percent of imports from the mainland.Within two years, the duties on those products will be reduced to zero.Xu said the implementation of the early harvest program would boost trade links across the Strait.As the products receiving tariff reductions covered industries including agriculture, petrochemicals, machinery, textiles and transport, Taiwan businesses on the mainland would benefit from lower purchase costs on Taiwan raw materials, Xu said.Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises and low-income groups would especially benefit from the tariff reductions on exports of 18 agricultural products to the mainland, Xu said.Statistics from Taiwan showed that driven by the tariff reduction, the island's small and medium-sized enterprise export trade volume to the mainland would increase to 18 billion U.S. dollars per year."The tariff reduction policy will benefit more Taiwan compatriots," Xu said.Cross-Strait trade volume totaled 145.37 billion U.S. dollars last year, a rise of 36.9 percent year on year. The figure included 115.69 billion U.S. dollars of Taiwan exports to the mainland, up 20.2 percent.