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Mary Winston Jackson (1921–2005) successfully overcame the barriers of segregation and gender bias to become a professional aerospace engineer and leader in ensuring equal opportunities for future generations. 217

MARTIN COUNTY, Florida — The Martin County Sheriff's Office said a 28-year-old man faces poaching charges after deputies said he was caught with two gopher tortoises at a state park.Deputies responded Sunday evening to Seabranch Preserve State Park and found the suspect, identified as Robert Lane, on the ground.The sheriff's office said Lane pulled two endangered tortoises from their hole and was on the ground searching for others.Lane was in possession of a male and a female gopher tortoise when deputies caught him.They said he admitted to deputies that he pulled both of the tortoises from their hole and was going to take them home where he had planned to eat them.Gopher tortoises are a threatened species and federally protected.The case was turned over to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Lane faces charges related to poaching on state property.Deputies said they found the hole where Lane pulled the tortoises from and returned both reptiles to the location.  1043

Mass shootings and acts of terrorism may dominate headlines, but it's the homicides and, to a lesser extent, the suicides that happen out of the spotlight that make up the bulk of firearm-related deaths around the world, according to a study published Tuesday in the journal JAMA. More gun deaths happened outside of war than in it during the years researchers examined (1990 through 2016) in 195 countries and territories.Worldwide, an estimated 251,000 people died by gun in 2016. In 1990, there were 209,000 firearm-related deaths. Accounting for population growth, that's an annualized rate decrease of 0.9 percent.Gun deaths are predominantly concentrated in six countries that make up less than 10 percent of the world's population. The United States, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and Guatemala together account for more than half of the gun-related deaths worldwide.In 2016, the majority of global firearm deaths -- an estimated 64 percent -- were homicides. Suicides accounted for 27 percent of the gun deaths. A small fraction, about 9 percent of gun deaths, were accidental.If you were to look on a map, the highest numbers of gun-related homicides are concentrated in a belt that stretches from Mexico through the Caribbean to Brazil. Many of these homicides involve drug cartels, the authors suggest, and there's a problem with organized crime and the illegal gun trade.El Salvador saw the greatest concentration of gun-related homicides in 2016, with 38.9 per 100,000 people. By comparison, Singapore, the country that had the fewest, had 0.1 gun-related homicides per 100,000."The sheer magnitude of these deaths and the range in firearm-related deaths is extraordinary," said the study's senior author, Chris Murray, director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.The most vulnerable demographic to gun violence was men between 20 and 24 years old. Men were also the biggest perpetrators of gun violence.Suicide-by-gun rates declined globally between 1990 and 2016. Some countries, though, struggled with this public health crisis. In 2016, Greenland had the highest number of firearm suicides, with 22 deaths per 100,000 people. The US had the second-highest number, with 6.4 deaths per 100,000 in 2016."The US really has quite marked rates around suicide," Murray said. "That was a surprise to me."For perspective, the United States has 4.3 percent of the world's population, but suicide by gun there represented 35.3 percent of all firearm suicides in the world in 2016. By comparison, there were twice as many firearm suicides as gun-related homicides in 2016 in the US.Americans also own more guns per capita than residents of any other country, with about four in 10 Americans saying they either own a gun or live in a home with guns, according to a 2017 Pew Center study.Americans have been killing themselves more with guns over the past decade, but homicide numbers have been relatively flat. The US ranks 30th in the world for total number of homicides, according to the study.The highest increase in gun-related suicide rates in this time period was in Jamaica, and Singapore had the fewest gun-related suicide deaths. These numbers, Murray said, are an important reminder about how widespread this public health problem is.There is no one single trend behind gun violence. Drugs, alcohol, a lack of mental health services and domestic violence are often to blame, as is poverty, the study suggests."Places with high rates of firearm mortality that are getting worse tend to be places with weak government institutions, especially in the criminal justice system or social upheaval," Daniel Webster, who has written extensively about gun violence as director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research, wrote in an email. Other things that stood out from these numbers, he said, is that while the "measures aren't great," he said, "there is a connection: more guns, more gun-related deaths."Webster, who was not involved in the new research, added that the general downward trend in firearm mortality is something that stands out because "we tend to think of our current rates of gun violence as the worst ever, but there has been great progress" toward stemming some of this violence.Laws that seem to limit gun violence include ones that strengthen background checks and require permits for ownership, the study authors said. More restrictions on guns in Brazil and South Africa seem to suggest a link between a reduced access to gun ownership and a lower number of gun-related suicides and homicides. 4601

Miguel Diaz-Canel was officially named as the new leader of Cuba on Thursday, one day after a vote in the country's National Assembly.It's the first time in nearly six decades that Cuba is being led by a man not named Castro.Diaz-Canel, 57, was selected as the unopposed candidate to replace Raul Castro, 86. Castro embraced Diaz-Canel -- who wasn't yet born when Fidel Castro led his revolution in 1959 -- during Wednesday's session, all but sealing his status as the island's next president.Raul Castro is still expected to exercise a large measure of control over the Cuban government and have the final say on important decisions. He will remain first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, a member of the National Assembly and, even if he is no longer president, the most powerful public figure on the island.  832

LOVELAND RESERVOIR, Calif. (KGTV) - With Santa Ana winds in the forecast for Wednesday morning, Cal Fire stationed more than 500 firefighters in strategic spots to attack any hot spots that flared up in the Valley Fire burn area.The plan worked.Crews were able to recognize hot spot fires quickly and direct resources to fight them before early morning winds spread the flames across Lawson Valley.One flare-up started on a mountain peak just northeast of Loveland Reservoir. That area burned on Saturday, but Barona Fire Department Chief Ken Kremensky said embers stayed hot enough under the tree canopy to reignite Wednesday morning."The retardant coats the area," Kremensky explained. "But a lot of times in the heavier brush it lays along the top of the brush and it doesn't penetrate all the way the ground so there's hot stuff and it creeps in there. And once it creeps through the retardant, it gets into that open field starts to spread. If you get some wind on it and it picks up, you see the flame starting to show up."The fire was in a remote area that would take hand crews hours to reach. So, Cal Fire sent in a squad of helicopters.Helicopters from San Diego Gas & Electric, Cal Fire and the San Diego County Sheriff's Department took turns dousing the flames with water for nearly an hour, making multiple passes and filling up with water from the reservoir.After they left, military helicopters took over. By 11 a.m., the fire was mostly out."We'll just keep plugging away and hopefully the weather will cooperate with us and that'll be a good success," said Kremensky.Heavy winds never materialized, with gusts in the fire zone topping out at 30 miles an hour. Crews were able to handle several other hot spots that ignited and keep the flames within the fire perimeter.Kremensky said they were fortunate that the weather cooperated. 1862

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