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WASHINGTON, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- An international team of researchers funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation (NSF) will travel next month to one of Antarctica's most active, remote and harsh spots to determine how changes in the waters circulating under an active ice sheet are causing a glacier to accelerate and drain into the sea, the U.S. space agency announced Wednesday.The science expedition will be the most extensive ever deployed to Pine Island Glacier. It is the area of the ice-covered continent that concerns scientists most because of its potential to cause a rapid rise in sea level. Satellite measurements have shown this area is losing ice and surrounding glaciers are thinning, raising the possibility the ice could flow rapidly out to sea.The multidisciplinary group of 13 scientists, led by Robert Bindschadler, emeritus glaciologist of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, will depart from the McMurdo Station in Antarctica in mid- December and spend six weeks on the ice shelf. During their stay, they will use a combination of traditional tools and sophisticated new oceanographic instruments to measure the shape of the cavity underneath the ice shelf and determine how streams of warm ocean water enter it, move toward the very bottom of the glacier and melt its underbelly."The project aims to determine the underlying causes behind why Pine Island Glacier has begun to flow more rapidly and discharge more ice into the ocean," said Scott Borg, director of NSF's Division of Antarctic Sciences, the group that coordinates all U.S. research in Antarctica. "This could have a significant impact on global sea-level rise over the coming century."

BEIJING,Nov. 9 (Xinhuanet) – Yinghuo-1, China's first interplanetary spacecraft, is set to hitch a ride with Russia's Phobos-Grunt Mars mission in the early hours on Wednesday, after a two-year delay.A Zenit-2SB rocket will carry Yinghuo-1 and Phobos-Grunt into space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome launch site in Kazakhstan.It is China and Russia's first joint Mars operation and also marks China's first voyage to the Red Planet, China Great Wall Industry Corp said in a news release on Tuesday.Yinghuo-1 will work in orbit with Phobos-Grunt for more than 12 months in collecting data on the Martian atmosphere.Both spacecraft will travel for more than 10 months before entering Martian orbit. During the trip, Yinghuo-1's power supply, communications and temperature gauge will be controlled from the Russian craft, scientists said.Both craft will orbit the planet three times before decoupling. The 106-kg Yinghuo-1 will circle Mars in an elliptical orbit, while Phobos-Grunt will actually land on Phobos, one of the two Martian moons, and bring back soil samples to Earth."The collaboration with Russia will enhance China's ability in deep space exploration, improve spacecraft design and development, and promote planetary exploration," said an unnamed official with the corp, a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science & Technology Corp. Russia's Lavochkin Research and Production Association signed a cooperation contract, based on an agreement between the Chinese and Russian governments, with China Great Wall Industry Corp in 2007.Yinghuo-1, with a two-year lifespan, also has its own scientific goals.These include analyzing the planet's magnetic environment and ionosphere (upper atmosphere), taking images of topographical features and studying gravity fields on the Martian equator.Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the monthly publication, Space International, said China's focus on the planet's upper atmosphere is significant.Twenty detectors have explored parts of Mars, but most of them have looked for traces of life or water or places suitable for setting up colonies, he said.But studying the upper atmosphere is also vital if humans are to live on the planet, he said.The mission was set for October 2009, but later postponed to this year to enhance the reliability of the project.Only the United States, the former Soviet Union and the European Union have succeeded in landing probes on Mars. Five are in operation, four belong to the US and one belongs to the EU.At least 21 probes sent to the planet have failed. The Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology under the CASC, which designed Yinghuo-1 in 23 months, said that the satellite posed a major technological challenge as the furthest space destination for China before had been the moon. The moon's average distance from Earth is about 384,000 km. The distance between Mars and Earth, depending on orbits, ranges from approximately 55 million km to about 350 million km.Yinghuo-1 will have to endure periods in the freezing dark side of the planet.It underwent simulated tests that matched the Martian temperature, - 260 C.Because of the distances involved, the satellite cannot rely on ground control to adjust position. It will rely on its own onboard computer, scientists said.

BEIJING, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- In response to public suspicion stoked by recent dumpling contamination scandals, China's Ministry of Health on Thursday said the new food safety standard for flash-frozen dumplings did not show signs of leniency.The Ministry introduced the new food safety standard on flash-frozen dough or rice products on Thursday.The Ministry has been accused of loosening scrutiny over a disease-generating bacteria in such foods, staphylococcus aureus, or golden staph, which can cause various diseases, including pneumonia and sepsis, and is sometimes life-threatening.The controversy became particularly relevant after several major brands of frozen dumplings have been successively recalled in recent months.In October, a Henan-based company, Zhengzhou Sinian Food Co., Ltd, confirmed the contamination of golden staph in its flash-frozen seafood- and pork-stuffed dumplings.Frozen dumplings made by Hong Kong-based manufacturer Wanchai Ferry were found to contain golden staph in November, and some of its products have been pulled from shelves.The previous standard provided that no golden staph should be tested in such food, while the new one gives a quantitative restriction that the volume of the bacteria should be no more than ten to the fourth degree.Liu Xiumei, a food safety expert with the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said at the press conference held by the health ministry that such bacteria becomes inactivate after the food is boiled for a few seconds, and it takes a volume of ten to the fifth degree to generate toxicity.The previous standard could only serve as a general provision due to the lack of quantitative microbiological testing back when it was introduced, Liu said, stressing that the new standard is not a sign that the Ministry has gone soft on bacterial contamination of relevant foods.The new standard will come into effect starting Dec. 21, 2011.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Wednesday approved Isentress for the treatment of HIV-1 infection for children and adolescents.The drug is part of a class of medications called HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors that works by slowing the spread of HIV in the body. It was first approved for use in adult patients in October 2007, under FDA's accelerated approval program."Many young children and adolescents are living with HIV and this approval provides an important additional option for their treatment," said Edward Cox, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Isentress is a pill that can be taken twice daily, with or without food. The pill is also available in a chewable form. As the two tablet formulations are not interchangeable, the chewable form is only approved for use in children ages 2 to 11.A single, multi-center clinical trial of 96 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years with HIV-1 infection evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Isentress. These patients previously received treatment for HIV-1 infection. After 24 weeks of treatment with Isentress, 53 percent of these patients had an undetectable amount of HIV in their blood.According to the FDA, the most commonly reported severe, treatment-related side effects in patients taking Isentress include trouble sleeping and headache. The frequency of these side effects is similar for children and adults. One pediatric patient reported severe treatment-related insomnia, while another pediatric patient experienced a drug-related skin rash.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Miners, construction workers and people in hotel and food service industry are most likely to smoke in the U.S., according to new research finding.The finding was contained in a report released Thursday by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).According to the finding, miners and people in hotel and food service have a cigarette smoking rate of 30 percent, followed closely by construction workers' 29.7 percent.Both rates are much higher than the average smoking rate of 19.6 percent among all U.S. working adults.Workers in the education services industry have the lowest smoking rate, with 9.7 percent, followed by the 10.9 percent of workers in company management, the report said.Low education levels are a factor in high smoking rates, along with poverty and gender, said Ann Malarcher, senior scientific adviser at the CDC."Although some progress has been made in reducing smoking prevalence among working adults," the report wrote, "additional effective employer interventions need to be implemented."Smoking kills an estimated 443,000 each year in the U.S., costing about 193 billion U.S. dollars annually in direct health care expenses and productivity loss.